四个从坟墓里统治世界的人Fourmen who rule the world from the grave
作者：Bill Nugent 译者：诚之
在后现代的西方文明社会中，大多数人都会宣称自己是思想自由的人，但是实际上他们却被禁锢在四个已经死在坟墓里的人的思想里面。这四个人分别是：达尔文（1809 - 1882），马克思（1818 - 1883），尼采（1844 - 1900），和弗洛伊德（1856 - 1939）。这四个属于19世纪的人是西方文明的破坏者。他们的思想毒素挑战传统的基督徒思想，并诱使欧洲和美国离开基督教信仰，进行一项庞大的社会实验。
In
postmodern western civilization most people claim to be free thinkers yet are
enslaved to the ideas of four men who rule the world from the grave. The four
men are Charles Darwin (1809 - 1882), Karl Marx (1818 - 1883), Friedrich
Nietzsche (1844 - 1900) and Sigmund Freud (1856 - 1939). These four men of the
nineteenth century were the wrecking balls of western civilization. Their
poisonous ideas challenged traditional Christian views and seduced Europe and
America into a grand social experiment in unbelief.
上一代哲学家在聊天喝茶时的谈资，会成为下一代人在大学时被教导的素材。再到下一代，就列为高中的课程。然后进入流行文化，最后甚至变成小学的教材。
What
philosophers discuss over tea in one generation is taught in college in the
next. A generation later it's taught in high school. Then it's in popular
culture and finally it's even taught in primary school.
达尔文的无神进化理论侵蚀了千万人的基督教信仰。马克思，尼采和弗洛伊德深受达尔文的影响。达尔文主义主张人类不过是猿猴的后代，是没有灵魂的，死后也不会有意识存留，而这个理论就成为构筑整个世俗知识界雄伟建筑的基础。
Charles
Darwin's atheistic theory of evolution undermined the Christian faith of
hundreds of millions. Marx, Nietzsche and Freud were directly and profoundly
influenced by Darwin's writings. The Darwinian contention that human beings are
nothing more than soulless descendants of apes who have no conscious existence
after death became the presuppositional foundation of the whole secular
intellectual edifice.
讽刺的是，帮达尔文写传记的人坦率地承认，达尔文并没有对他1859年的原著《自然选择下的物种原始》（The Origin of Species by Means of Natural
Selection）提供什么原创的想法。进化论作为一个自然历史的理论，在早他两代之前就已经出现了。更早的作家甚至已经讨论过自然选择。达尔文自己的祖父伊拉姆斯?达尔文，就已经写到了进化论。
Ironically,
Darwin's biographers freely admit that Darwin offered very little original
thought in his famous 1859 book "The Origin of Species by Means of Natural
Selection." Evolution as a theory of natural history had preceded him by
at least two generations. Earlier writers had even discussed natural selection.
Darwin's own grandfather, Erasmus Darwin, had written on evolution.
在达尔文之前，演化论被局限在知识界精英的角落里。达尔文之所以出名，是因为他把所有零星的问题整合起来，并且用一种井井有条的方式加以呈现，使得这个思想在受过教育的人当中如星火燎原般散布开来。
Until
Darwin, evolution had been confined to the smallest corner of the intellectual
elite. Darwin is famous because he tied all the loose ends together and
presented it in an orderly way that caught fire among a far wider range of
educated people.
达尔文也因为他那本1871年的书，《人类的由来》中的极端反叛和种族主义立场而出名。这本书是为了对抗批评他1859年的书而写的，把他的思想，即人类是猿猴的后代，完整且大胆地发展出来。
Darwin
is also famous for his extremely confrontational and racist 1871 book "The
Descent of Man." This book was penned to counter the criticism of his 1859
book and to fully and boldly develop his belief that human beings are descended
from apes.
很不幸地，《人类的由来》的种族主义立场是那么地露骨，宣称某些棕色人种的民族比欧洲人的进化要慢。以生物学为基础的种族主义从中得到巨大的动力，并受到知识界的推崇。在澳洲，土著民族像动物一样被猎杀；比利时人在刚果射杀黑人土著完全不用担负刑责。希特勒在他的书《我的奋斗》中，广泛地引用达尔文书中的话，并从达尔文主义中发展出亚利安种族优越论的宣称。
The
Descent of Man is unfortunately overtly racist and claims that certain brown
skinned peoples are less evolved than the Europeans. This gave great momentum
to biological based racism and gave it intellectual respectability. Aborigines
were legally hunted like big game in Australia. Belgians in the Congo shot
black natives with impunity. Hitler quoted extensively from Darwin in his book,
"Mein Kampf," and developed his claim of Aryan superiority from
Darwinian principles.
在19世纪的美国，演化论只在知识界的菁英中被教导和讨论。演化论只在大学水平，以及在某种程度上，在高中被教导。在1880年代，只有大约4%的美国学生上高中，因此被称为次级学校（secondary school）。只有大约1%的人口可以上大学。其他所有的人都在基础学校受教育，直到8年级。
In the United States, in the late
nineteenth century, evolution was taught and discussed only among the educated
elite. Evolution
was taught only at the university level and to some degree in the high schools.
In the 1880s only about 4% of American students went on to high school which
was called secondary school. Only about 1% of the population went to college.
All the rest were educated in primary school up to the eighth grade.
在美国，受高层教育的人变得越来越世俗化，而小学仍然持守传统的基督教价值。这导致上层社会和平民大众之间的隔阂，在某种程度上，这个隔阂持续到当代。世俗人文主义成为菁英界的主要信仰。达尔文主义是其神话的源头。
The
well educated people in the US were increasingly secularized while the primary
schools still held to traditional Christian values. This led to a divide
between the upper class and the common man that persists to a degree down to the
present generation. Secular Humanism has emerged as the dominant faith of the
elite. Darwinism is its origins myth.
马克思和达尔文是同时代的人，互相熟悉彼此的作品。马克思受到达尔文的影响，在他的书，《资本论》中提到了达尔文。马克思接受一种经济决定论的思想。他把经济上的获利当作是人类这个动物的强烈推动力。他把人当成动物，只是运动中的原子。
Karl Marx and Charles Darwin were
contemporaries and familiar with each other's work. Marx was influenced by
Darwin and mentioned him in his book, "Das Kapital." Marx subscribed to
a philosophy of economic determinism. He regarded economic gain as the
strongest urge of the human animal. He regarded humans as animals; as mere
atoms in motion.
马克思接受黑格尔的观念，认为人类政府比它各部分的总和来得大。因此，我们就有了马克思的怪论，就是把个别的人当成是没有价值的，但是如果把个别的人放在政府里，你就具有了真正价值的东西。人类政府被马克思当作人类的救主，会把人带到乌托邦社会。
Marx
subscribed to the Hegelian concept that human government is greater than the
sum of its parts. Thus we have the Marxist illogic that regards the individual
as worthless but if you put the individuals together into a government then you
have something of real value. Marx considered human government the savior of
mankind that would lead people to utopia.
马克思的著作激发了几代人的革命，从事人类有史以来最大型的经济社会实验。这个实验是想看一个具有完全的权力，拥有全部财产的政府，是否会创造一个完美的乌托邦社会。但是这个实验彻底失败了。历史家估计，在寻求这个乌托邦社会的过程中，至少有七千万到一亿人因此丧命。
Marx's
writings inspired generations of revolutionaries that embarked on the largest
economic social experiment of all time. The experiment to see if an all
powerful government owning all property could create a perfect utopian society
failed miserably. Historians estimate that between 70 million and 100 million
people were killed by communist governments in their quest for utopia.
然而，马克思的理想仍然主导着所有欧洲、北美和南非现代民主政府的社会主义倾向。
Nevertheless
Marxist ideas still guide the socialistic tendencies of all the modern
democracies of Europe and of North and South America.
达尔文和马克思之后一代，一个更大胆更有热情的无神论哲学家兴起了。他的名字是尼采。他相信，人最主要是被支配他人的欲望所主导。尼采称这个欲望为“权力意志”。
A
generation after Darwin and Marx a bolder and more passionately atheistic
philosopher arose. His name was Friedrich Nietzsche and he believed that humans
are most profoundly motivated by a desire to dominate others. Nietzsche called
this "the will to power."
尼采是个存在主义哲学家。存在主义是一种极端的个人主义，认为个人必须运用他个人的意志，抛弃社会习俗，以创造他自己独特的生命。他把那些根据规则而活的人视为不真实的人，只是盲从者，缺乏雄心大志。
Nietzsche
was an existentialist philosopher. Existentialism is radical individualism in
which the individual must exert his own will and throw off social convention to
create his own unique life. He regarded those who lived according to the rules
as inauthentic, as mere followers and small minded.
尼采拒绝上帝的律法，并且写了一些渎神的作品。他对政治也有相当极端的看法。 他认为古代所有的伟大文明都是建立在奴隶和暴虐的基础上的，知识界菁英用许多人的辛苦劳力，换来他们的奢靡生活。但是他却将它合理化，说奴隶和压迫是好的，因为它能让菁英分子得到释放，可以建造宏伟的建筑，创作伟大的艺术作品。希特勒广泛地阅读尼采，甚至把尼采的书送给他部队的军官。
Nietzsche
rejected God's law and wrote some overtly blasphemous things. He also had
radical views on politics. He was of the opinion that all the great
civilizations of the ancient world were built on slavery and brutality in which
the intellectual elite lived luxuriously off of the hard labor of the many. He
rationalized that slavery and oppression were good because it freed the elite
to build fabulous buildings and produce great works of art. Hitler read
Nietzsche extensively and even gave copies of Nietzsche's books to his officer
corps.
尼采的存在主义和无神论对他当时的知识分子具有很大的影响力，并且在我们这个时代中回响，特别是在后现代主义中。尼采影响了存在主义哲学家沙特，卡缪，以及二战后的悲观主义。1960年代的叛逆青年，就有很多尼采的极端存在主义的元素。
Nietzsche's
existentialism and atheism was very influential among the intellectuals of his
own time and reverberates down to our own day especially in postmodernism.
Nietzsche influenced the existentialist philosophers Jean Paul Sartre and
Albert Camus and their post WWII philosophy of pessimism. The youth rebellion
of the 1960s had many elements of Nietzschean radical existentialism.
弗洛伊德认为性欲是人类的主要动力。他整个精神分析治疗是根据性的感觉和欲望对人的影响上。他特别关心性欲的压抑，以及这种压抑如何影响个人的心理健康。
Sigmund
Freud regarded sexuality as the principle motivator of humans. His entire
psychoanalytic therapy is based on the influence of sexual feelings and
desires. He was especially concerned with repression of sexual urges and how
that influenced the mental health of the individual.
受到他影响的人，接下来就发动了性革命。传统家庭结构和对家庭的忠诚被弃如敝屣。这也是横扫世界，毁灭了许多生命的伟大社会实验。家庭崩解了，儿童被遗弃，成千上万的婴儿遭到堕胎，超过三十种的性传染病也广为传播，成为性混乱残忍的见证。
Those
he influenced went on to launch the sexual revolution in which traditional
family structure and fidelity were abandoned. This also is a great social
experiment that is ruining lives all across the world. Family breakdown, child
abandonment, abortion of millions of babies and the spread of more than three
dozen varieties of sexually transmitted disease are grim witness to sexual anarchy.
达尔文把人当作没有灵魂的动物，只受到生存意志所驱动。马克思把人视为纯粹经济的生物。尼采透过权力与统治他人的意志的镜片来看人。弗洛伊德认为人主要受到性的主宰。他们亵渎神和不要神的律法的结果，把人的心从人性中撕裂开来，带来人的异化和绝望，结果导致人的无法无天，家庭崩溃，杀人不眨眼，滥用枪支，以及青少年的自杀。
Darwin
saw man as a soulless animal motivated only by the will to survive. Marx saw
man as a purely economic creature. Nietzsche saw man through the lens of power
and the will to rule others. Freud saw man as motivated disproportionately by
sex. Their blasphemy and lawlessness has torn the heart out of humanity and
brought about the alienation and despair that leads to lawlessness, family
breakdown, serial killings, shooting sprees and teenage suicide.
达尔文，马克思，尼采和弗洛伊德没有给人类带来奇迹，也没有超自然的能力，然而千百万人却选择跟随他们。这四个人只带给人虚空的盼望，一个虚假的乌托邦国度，而不是死后生命的应许。
Darwin,
Marx, Nietzsche and Freud worked no miracles and had no supernatural
accreditation yet billions of people follow them. These four men offered
nothing but a vain attempt at utopia in this life and no promise of life
hereafter.
相对的，耶稣基督降生，成全了超过记载在旧约中，三百个以上的先知预言——这些预言都是在祂出生之前几百年前所写的。祂在祂当时的人身上行神迹，今天，奉祂的名所行的神迹仍旧继续发生。祂教导我们上帝的道德准则，祂也活出一个完美的生命，然后受难，为我们的罪而死。靠着基督，我们的罪可以得到赦免。祂是应许的弥赛亚，世人的救主。
Jesus
Christ by contrast came in fulfillment of over three hundred predictive
prophecies that were written in the Old Testament hundreds of years before His
birth. He worked miracles among the people of his time and miracles still occur
today in His name. He taught us God's morals and He lived a perfect life and
then suffered and died for our sins. We receive forgiveness of sins through
Christ. He is the promised Messiah of Israel and the redeemer of all mankind.
基督从死里复活，升上高天。这是先知所预告的。这四个人从坟墓里统治世界，但是基督却在天上治理万邦，祂是永恒的万王之王，万主之主。
Christ
rose from the dead and ascended into heaven. This also was foretold by the
prophets. Those four men rule from the grave but Christ rules from heaven and
is greater than all.
-
Bill in NY