“唯独基督”走到尽头了吗？The End ofSolus Christus or Solo Christo —“ChristAlone” or “Through Christ Alone”
作者: Peter
Ditzel 译/校者：芥子 /米利暗
本文是《宗教改革在我们这里走到尽头了吗？》系列文章中的第四篇。
宗教改革的“五个唯独”分别是：
Sola
Scriptura——唯独圣经；
Sola fide——唯独信心；
Sola gratia——唯独恩典；
Solus Christus or Solo Christo——唯独基督或唯独通过基督；
Soli Deo Gloria——唯独神的荣耀。
今天，这“五个唯独”常常被扭曲甚至被完全离弃，“唯独基督”是其中之一。在本文，我们将查找圣经里关于“唯独基督”的经文，并通过一些例子来说明这教义是如何被离弃的。As we have seen in
previous installments in this series, these Five Solas are today often
distorted or even completely abandoned. In this article, we will see where
“Christ alone” is taught in the Bible, and see some examples of how it has been
abandoned.
相信耶稣基督是神和人之间唯一的中保、唯独靠着基督称义，人们可能会以为，这一点对于任何一个自称是基督徒的人来说都是没有异议的。然而，天主教和东正教却把很多“圣徒”摆在了中保的位置上，通过向他们祷告来向神祈求。同时，他们还教导说，耶稣基督为我们赚得了无限功德，但只有当我们用善行配合这恩典时，它才能属于我们个人。另外，他们还说，在今生可以通过善行来抵消对罪的刑罚，如果这么做还不够的话，在死后仍可以在炼狱里通过继续受刑罚来抵消。由此看来，天主教是不信“唯独基督”的。为了回应这一点，改教家们回到圣经，重申了“唯独基督”（Solus Christus）的教义，即基督以外再无其他中保。而“Solo Christo”这个拉丁语夺格形式[2]所表明的教义是：唯独通过基督、或唯独靠着基督、或唯独因着基督，这尤其意味着我们是“唯独通过基督”得救或称义。One would think
that believing that Jesus Christ is the only mediator between God and man and
that Christ alone brings justification would never be questioned by anyone
calling himself a Christian. Yet the Roman Catholic and Orthodox churches have
placed a myriad of “saints” in the place of mediator, praying to them for their
intercession with God. And they also teach that Jesus Christ gained an infinite
treasure of merit for us but that this merit becomes ours only when we
cooperate with grace by doing good works. Additionally, they say that temporal
punishments for sins can also be cancelled by good works. If this is not done,
then satisfaction must be done in purgatory. Thus, the Catholic churches do not
believe in “Christ alone.” In response to this, the Reformers reaffirmed from
Scripture the doctrine of Solus Christus, there is no mediator but Christ. Its
ablative form, Solo Christo—through Christ alone or by Christ alone (or, even
more theologically accurate, because of Christ alone)—specifically means that
we are saved or justified by Christ alone.
就在天主教继续向圣徒祷告，并宣称救恩必须通过在耶稣做成的恩典加上人的行为才能生效的时候，许多宗教改革之后的新教福音派基督徒也正在弃绝“唯独基督”的教义。在本文，我想确立“Solus Christus” 和“Solo Christo”的圣经基础，并指出今天的教导中的一些错误。While Catholics
continue to pray to saints and teach that salvation is by the grace obtained by
Christ plus our own works, many Protestant, Reformed, and Evangelical
Christians are also forsaking the doctrine of “Christ alone.” In this article,
I want to establish the biblical basis for Solus Christus and Solo Christo and
to point out some of the errors being taught today.
圣经中的“唯独基督”（Solus Christus）
关于耶稣基督是神人之间唯一的中保这一点，再没有比提摩太前书2:5更清晰的说明了：“因为只有一位神，在神和人中间，只有一位中保，乃是降世为人的基督耶稣。”一位中保意味着就只有这一位，再无其他。再看约翰福音14:6“耶稣说：‘我就是道路、真理、生命；若不藉着我，没有人能到父那里去。’” 在希腊原文中名词前面都有定冠词，表明：是特指的道路、特指的真理、特指的生命。耶稣基督是通往父神那里的唯一道路。论到基督，希伯来书7:25说：“凡靠着他进到神面前的人，他都能拯救到底，因为他是长远活着，替他们祈求。” Nothing
could be clearer regarding Jesus Christ’s role as the only mediator between God
and man than 1 Timothy 2:5: “For there is one God, and one mediator between God
and men, the man Christ Jesus.” One mediator means one mediator and no other.
Now read John 14:6: “Jesus saith unto him, I am the way, the truth, and the
life: no man cometh unto the Father, but by me.” All those definite articles
are in the original Greek: the way, the truth, the life. Jesus is the only way
to the Father. Speaking of Christ, Hebrews 7:25 says, “Wherefore he is able
also to save them to the uttermost that come unto God by him, seeing he ever
liveth to make intercession for them.”
圣经中的“唯独通过基督”（Solo Christo）Solus Christus in the Bible
“Solo Christo”是指我们称义是唯独靠着耶稣的救赎。为了给下文要指出的错误做铺垫，我在此给出大量论证这一教义的经文，但所给出的也仅仅是其中的一小部分：Solo Christo refers to the fact that we are
justified because of the atonement of Jesus Christ alone. In response to the
errors I will mention below, I will there give a number of Scriptures that
prove this point.
在哥林多前书15:3-4我们读到对福音的简短叙述：“我当日所领受又传给你们的，第一，就是基督照圣经所说，为我们的罪死了，而且埋葬了，又照圣经所说，第三天复活了。” But
I will give a few here, too. In 1 Corinthians 15:3–4, we read a brief account
of the Gospel: “For I delivered unto you first of all that which I also
received, how that Christ died for our sins according to the scriptures; and
that he was buried, and that he rose again the third day according to the
scriptures.” Before Jesus was born, an angel announced to Joseph, “
在耶稣出生前，天使报信给约瑟说：“她（马利亚）将要生一个儿子，你要给他起名叫耶稣，因他要将自己的百姓从罪恶里救出来。”（太1:21）这样的话从没有指着别人说过。没有任何人的、包括我们的善行能救我们脱离自己的罪恶。并且，甚至“耶稣”这个名字的含义就是“耶和华救赎”。耶稣说“正如人子来，不是要受人的服事，乃是要服事人，并且要舍命，作多人的赎价。”（太20:28）加拉太书3:13告诉我们：“基督既为我们受（原文是‘成’）了咒诅，就赎出我们脱离律法的咒诅，因为经上记着：‘凡挂在木头上都是被咒诅的。’”同样的，这样的话没再指着别人说过。“And [Mary] shall
bring forth a son, and thou shalt call his name Jesus: for he shall save his
people from their sins” (Matthew 1:21). Such a thing was never said of anyone
else. No work of anyone else, including ourselves, saves us from our sins. And
even the name Jesus means, “Jehovah [the Lord] is salvation.” Jesus said, “Even
as the Son of man came not to be ministered unto, but to minister, and to give
his life a ransom for many” (Matthew 20:28). What deity, founder, or leader of
another religion has done that? Galatians 3:13 tells us, “Christ hath redeemed
us from the curse of the law, being made a curse for us: for it is written,
Cursed is every one that hangeth on a tree.” Again, this is said of no one
else.
歌罗西书告诉我们：“我们在爱子里得蒙救赎，罪过得以赦免。……因为父喜欢叫一切的丰盛在他里面居住。既然藉着他在十字架上所流的血成就了和平，便藉着他叫万有，无论是地上的、天上的，都与自己和好了。”（西1:14、19-20）彼得说：“因基督也曾一次为罪受苦，就是义的代替不义的，为要引我们到神面前。按着肉体说，他被治死；按着灵性说，他复活了。”（彼前3:18）希伯来书9:28同样说道：“像这样，基督既然一次被献，担当了多人的罪，将来要向那等候他的人第二次显现，并与罪无关，乃是为拯救他们。” Colossians
1 tells us that in Christ “we have redemption through his blood, even the
forgiveness of sins…. For it pleased the Father that in him should all fulness
dwell; And, having made peace through the blood of his cross, by him to
reconcile all things unto himself; by him, I say, whether they be things in
earth, or things in heaven” (verses 14 and 19-20). Peter says, “For Christ also
hath once suffered for sins, the just for the unjust, that he might bring us to
God, being put to death in the flesh, but quickened by the Spirit” (1 Peter
3:18). Similarly, Hebrews 9:28 states, “So Christ was once offered to bear the
sins of many; and unto them that look for him shall he appear the second time
without sin unto salvation.”
罗马书教导说：Romans 5 teaches,
惟有基督在我们还作罪人的时候为我们死，神的爱就在此向我们显明了。现在我们既靠着他的血称义，就更要藉着他免去神的忿怒。因为我们作仇敌的时候，且藉着神儿子的死，得以与神和好；既已和好，就更要因他的生得救了。不但如此，我们既藉着我们主耶稣基督得与神和好，也就藉着他以神为乐。……若因一人的过犯，死就因这一人作了王；何况那些受洪恩又蒙所赐之义的，岂不要更因耶稣基督一人在生命中作王吗？如此说来，因一次的过犯，众人都被定罪；照样，因一次的义行，众人也就被称义得生命了。因一人的悖逆，众人成为罪人；照样，因一人的顺从，众人也成为义了。（罗马书5:8-11，5:17-19）
But
God commendeth his love toward us, in that, while we were yet sinners, Christ
died for us. Much more then, being now justified by his blood, we shall be
saved from wrath through him. For if, when we were enemies, we were reconciled
to God by the death of his Son, much more, being reconciled, we shall be saved
by his life. And not only so, but we also joy in God through our Lord Jesus
Christ, by whom we have now received the atonement…. For if by one man’s
offence death reigned by one; much more they which receive abundance of grace
and of the gift of righteousness shall reign in life by one, Jesus Christ.
Therefore as by the offence of one judgment came upon all men to condemnation;
even so by the righteousness of one the free gift came upon all men unto
justification of life. For as by one man’s disobedience many were made sinners,
so by the obedience of one shall many be made righteous.
Verses 8-11, 17-19
这段经文中有三次用到“一”来指明“唯独通过耶稣基督”。唯独因着降世为人的耶稣基督，我们被称义，成为义，生命得以被神掌管。除此以外，再无任何别的途径。Notice the three times
the word “one” is used in these verses to refer to Jesus Christ alone. It is
only by the one man, Jesus Christ, that we are justified, made righteous, and
reign in life. There is no other way.
还有在约翰福音中，耶稣说：
“我实实在在地告诉你们：人进羊圈，不从门进去，倒从别处爬进去，那人就是贼，就是强盗。从门进去的，才是羊的牧人。看门的就给他开门，羊也听他的声音。他按着名叫自己的羊，把羊领出来。既放出自己的羊来，就在前头走，羊也跟着他，因为认得他的声音。羊不跟着生人，因为不认得他的声音，必要逃跑。……我实实在在地告诉你们：我就是羊的门。凡在我以先来的，都是贼，是强盗，羊却不听他们。我就是门，凡从我进来的，必然得救，并且出入得草吃。”
（约翰福音10:1-5，7b-9）Verily, verily, I say unto
you, He that entereth not by the door into the sheepfold, but climbeth up some
other way, the same is a thief and a robber. But he that entereth in by the
door is the shepherd of the sheep. To him the porter openeth; and the sheep
hear his voice: and he calleth his own sheep by name, and leadeth them out. And
when he putteth forth his own sheep, he goeth before them, and the sheep follow
him: for they know his voice. And a stranger will they not follow, but will
flee from him: for they know not the voice of strangers…. Verily, verily, I say
unto you, I am the door of the sheep. All that ever came before me are thieves
and robbers: but the sheep did not hear them. I am the door: by me if any man
enter in, he shall be saved, and shall go in and out, and find pasture.
John 10:1-5, 7b-9
然而，有些人会试图告诉你：“盗贼”和“强盗”是另一条正当的通往救恩的路。And yet there are those who
will try to tell you that the thieves and robbers are another, legitimate way
to salvation.
靠着别神得“救恩” “Salvation” Through Other Gods
鲁益师是众多破坏“唯独基督”这一教义的基督徒教师之一。在鲁益师的《纳尼亚传奇》系列儿童丛书之中，狮子阿斯兰这一形象象征着耶稣基督。在《最后的战役》这本书里，在与阿斯兰碰面后不久，卡罗门士兵Emeth对他说：“阿斯兰，主啊，我不是你的仆人，而是Tash的仆人。”（Tash是该书故事里假神的名字。）但阿斯兰回答道：“所有你为Tash做的工，我都将看作是为我做的。”[3]通过这段对话，鲁益师在向我们头脑尚空白的孩子灌输一条教义——包容主义。他相信，其他宗教信仰的人实际上能够被看作是事奉真神的，虽然他们根本不认识他。他们能被耶稣基督以外的名拯救。C.S. Lewis is just
one of many Christian teachers who have undermined the doctrine of “Christ
alone.” In Lewis’s Chronicles of Narnia series of children’s books, Aslan the
Lion represents or symbolizes Jesus Christ. In the particular book, The Last
Battle, soon after meeting Aslan, the Calormen soldier Emeth tells him, “Alas,
Lord, I am no servant of thine but the servant of Tash.” Tash is the name of
the false god in the story. But Aslan responds, “Child, all the service thou
hast done to Tash, I account as service done to me” (C.S. Lewis, The Last
Battle [New York: Harper Trophy, 1956] 205). Through this little dialog, Lewis
is teaching the innocent minds of our children a doctrine that is called
inclusivism. It is the belief that the followers of religions other than
Christianity can, in fact, be serving the true God even though they don’t know
Him; that they can be saved by a name other than Jesus Christ.
简单来说，鲁益师的教导是在说：“在其他的一些宗教里有这样一些人，他们被神的某种神秘影响带领着，专注于自己的‘宗教’里与基督信仰‘一致’的部分，因此这些人就在自己都不知情的情况下属基督了。”比如，一个好的佛教徒可能被带领着，日益专注于佛教对于怜悯的教导，以至于脱离佛教的根基性教导（虽然他口头上可能还是会说自己信佛）。很多在基督出生以前的异教徒都是在这样的处境里。[4] 我们必须认识到，这不仅是在教导一个人可以不通过信靠耶稣基督作为唯一的救主而得救；也同样是在说，救恩可以通过“神的某种神秘影响”加上人的好行为来做成，而不是唯独通过耶稣基督。Here is Lewis’s
teaching in plain words: “There are people in other religions who are being led
by God’s secret influence to concentrate on those parts of their religion which
are in agreement with Christianity, and who thus belong to Christ without
knowing it. For example a Buddhist of good will may be led to concentrate more
and more on the Buddhist teaching about mercy and to leave in the background
(though he might still say he believed) the Buddhist teaching on certain
points. Many of the good Pagans long before Christ’s birth may have been in
this position” (C. S. Lewis, Mere Christianity: A Revised and Enlarged Edition,
with a New Introduction, of the Three Books, the Case for Christianity,
Christian Behaviour, and Beyond Personality [New York: Macmillan Pub., 1960]
176-177). Consider that this not only teaches that a person can be saved
without placing his trust in Jesus Christ alone as Savior, but it also asserts
that salvation is possible by a combination of “God’s secret influence” and the
person’s good works. Thus, Lewis taught a salvation based upon human works, and
not upon Jesus Christ.
葛培理绝对是二十世纪最著名的布道家之一， 1997年在和罗伯特•舒乐（Robert H. Schuller，是水晶大教堂的创始人——编者注）一起的一次采访中[5]，他说道：In 1997, Billy Graham, certainly the most
famous evangelist of the twentieth century, in an interview with Robert
Schuller, said the following:
“关于基督信仰和真信徒，我认为，基督的肢体来源于世界各地的基督教团体或者是非基督教团体。任何一个爱基督或者是认识基督的人，不管他们自己是否觉察到这一点，都是基督的肢体。我认为永远没有一个横扫一切的大复兴使全世界都翻转归向基督的时刻。” Well,
Christianity and being a true believer, you know, I think there’s the body of
Christ which comes from all the Christian groups around the world, or outside the
Christian groups. I think that everybody that loves Christ or knows Christ,
whether they’re conscious of it or not, they’re members of the body of Christ.
And I don’t think that we’re going to see a great sweeping revival that will
turn the whole world to Christ at any time.
在继续引用他的话之前，我想问一个问题：一个人如何能够一方面爱基督或者是认识基督，但自己对此却毫不知情呢？显然，意识到某人的存在是认识他的前提。事实上，说一个能在自己都不知道的情况下认识基督，相当于是在说，一个人可以同时认识基督而又不认识他。这完全是无稽之谈！你只能认识一人或是不认识，认识就是认识，不认识就是不认识。Before continuing
this quote, I want to ask a question. How can someone love Christ or know
Christ and not be conscious of it? Certainly, being conscious of someone is a
prerequisite to knowing him. In fact, to say that someone can know Christ and
not be conscious of it is the same as saying that someone can know Christ and
not know Him. This is utter nonsense! You either know someone or you don’t.
继续引用他的话：“今天，神在做的事情就是呼召人们从世界归向他。无论他们来自穆斯林世界、佛教世界、基督教世界还是无信仰世界，都是基督身体的组成部分，因为他们是被神呼召的。他们可能甚至不知道‘耶稣’这个名字，但他们心里知道，自己需要某种自己以外的东西，于是他们转向自己所能找到的唯一的‘光’。我认为他们是得救的，并且他们将和我们在天堂相遇。” Continuing:
What
God is doing today is calling people out of the world for His name. Whether
they come from the Muslim world, or the Buddhist world, or the Christian world,
or the non-believing world, they are members of the body of Christ because
they’ve been called by God. They may not even know the name of Jesus, but they
know in their hearts they need something that they don’t have and they turn to
the only light they have and I think they’re saved and they’re going to be with
us in heaven.
准确理解了他的话之后（当然，不是按照葛培理博士所期待的方式去理解的），对于第一部分的引文，我只有一个问题。神确实将他的子民，从世界和很多不同的宗教里呼召出来。但关键词是“呼召出来”。神将他的子民从众多假信仰里呼召出来，使他们看到这些宗教的错误之处，以至离弃它们，归向真理。然而，葛培理博士的意思是，他们可以继续留在自己的宗教里。并且，绝不像葛培理博士所说的那样，“因为神呼召他们”，所以他们就成了基督的身体。他们之所以能成为基督的身体，是因为基督完全满足了律法的要求，包括他在十字架上的死，满足了律法对罪的刑罚——他为他们的罪而死。耶稣在十字架上的死，是为那些将要信他的人而死的。当他们信福音，信靠耶稣为唯一的救主，神就使他们成了基督的身体。但他们成为基督的肢体的权柄，却不是根源于他们的被呼召，而是依据于基督。Understood
correctly (which is apparently not the way Dr. Graham meant it), I have only
one problem with the first half of the quote directly above. Certainly, God is
calling people out of the world and out of many different religions. But the
key phrase is “out of.” God is calling His people out of many false religions.
He causes them to see the errors of those religions, and they leave them and
come to the truth. But Dr. Graham means that they stay in their religion. And
it is not, as Dr. Graham says, “because they’ve been called by God” that they
are members of the body of Christ. They are members of the body of Christ
because of Jesus’ perfect obedience to all the law, including His dying on the
Cross in accordance with the requirements of the law for sin—He died for their
sins. When Jesus died on the Cross, He died for those people who will come to
believe. When they believe the Gospel, trusting in Jesus Christ alone as their
Savior, God places them into the body of Jesus Christ. But their right to be in
the body of Christ is not based on their being called; it is based on Christ.
通过宣称被呼召是一个人成为基督身体的基础，而把基督的顺服完全抛在一边，葛培理博士为他在接下来的错误论述铺好了路。他说：“……人们甚至可能连‘耶稣’这个名字都不知道，但是因为心里知道他们需要某种自己以外的东西，所以归向他们所能找到的‘光’，我认为他们是得救的……”在继续之前，我想快速地指出一点：葛培理博士在这里把“呼召”的意思弱化成仅仅是使那些“被呼召”的人知道“他们心里需要某种东西”。一眼就能看出来，葛培理博士这种说法明显直接违背了圣经，论到耶稣基督，保罗说：“除他以外，别无拯救。因为在天下人间，没有赐下别的名，我们可以靠着得救。”（徒4:12）By making calling the basis for one’s
membership in the body of Christ, and leaving Christ’s obedience out of it, Dr.
Graham opened up the way for the error that he states in the latter part of his
paragraph. In it, he says that people “…may not even know the name of Jesus,
but they know in their hearts they need something that they don’t have and they
turn to the only light they have and I think they’re saved….” Before going on,
I want to quickly point out that Dr. Graham here lowered “calling” to mean
merely knowing “in their hearts they need something.” Now let’s go on. It
should be immediately obvious that what Dr. Graham said directly contradicts
Acts 4:12. Speaking of Jesus Christ, Peter says, “Neither is there salvation in
any other: for there is none other name under heaven given among men, whereby
we must be saved.”
在此，我再列举一些经文，这些经文强调了“耶稣基督的名”的重要性（因此，包含了认识他的重要性），但所列举出来的，仍旧只是大量此类经文中的一小部分：Here are just a few
of the additional Scriptures I could cite that emphasize the importance of the
name of Jesus Christ (and, thus, of knowing Him):
“但记这些事，要叫你们信耶稣是基督，是神的儿子，并且叫你们信了他，就可以因他的名得生命。”（约20:31）“But
these are written, that ye might believe that Jesus is the Christ, the Son of
God; and that believing ye might have life through his name” (John 20:31);
“及至他们信了腓利所传神国的福音和耶稣基督的名，连男带女就受了洗。”（徒8:12）“But when they believed Philip preaching the things
concerning the kingdom of God, and the name of Jesus Christ, they were
baptized, both men and women” (Acts 8:12);
“写信给在哥林多神的教会，就是在基督耶稣里成圣，蒙召作圣徒的，以及所有在各处求告我主耶稣基督之名的人。基督是他们的主，也是我们的主。”（林前1:2）“Unto the church of God which is at Corinth, to
them that are sanctified in Christ Jesus, called to be saints, with all that in
every place call upon the name of Jesus Christ our Lord, both theirs and ours”
(1 Corinthians 1:2);
“你们中间也有人从前是这样；但如今你们奉主耶稣基督的名，并藉着我们神的灵，已经洗净、成圣、称义了。”（林前6:11）“And such were some of you: but ye are washed,
but ye are sanctified, but ye are justified in the name of the Lord Jesus, and
by the Spirit of our God” (1 Corinthians 6:11);
“神的命令就是叫我们信他儿子耶稣基督的名，且照着他所赐给我们的命令彼此相爱。”（约一3:23）“And
this is his commandment, That we should believe on the name of his Son Jesus
Christ, and love one another, as he gave us commandment” (1 John 3:23).
然而，完全置圣经里的证据于不顾，葛培理博士还特别强调说，那些被他声称得救了的人“可能连耶稣基督的名都不知道”。葛培理博士有意识地将信靠耶稣基督为唯一的救主取而代之以“他们心里知道自己需要某种自己以外的东西”（显然，他认为这就是“呼召”的含义）并归向他们所能找到的唯一的“光”。根据葛培理博士的说法，这意味着，当一个穆斯林感到某种需要而转向可兰经的时候，他是得救的；当一个印度教徒想要更多的东西，因此更倚靠他那众多假神的时候，他是得救的；当一个佛教徒意识到某种缺憾就操练起“八圣道”的时候，他是得救的。当一个无神论者觉得空虚就寻求科学或哲学的时候，他是得救的。Yet, flying in the
face of all of this biblical evidence, Dr. Graham specifically said that these
people he claimed are being saved, “may not even know the name of Jesus.” In
place of consciously trusting in Jesus Christ alone as their Savior, Billy
Graham substituted knowing “in their hearts they need something that they don’t
have” (what he apparently thought of as a calling) and turning “to the only
light they have.” This means, according to Dr. Billy Graham, that when a Muslim
has a yearning for something and turns to the Quran, he is saved. When a Hindu
wants something more and turns to more of his uncountable number of deities, he
is saved. When a Buddhist feels something lacking and turns to the Noble
Eightfold Path, he is saved. When an atheist feels empty and turns to science
or philosophy, he is saved.
圣经宣告，救恩唯独靠着耶稣的名。除了弃绝了这一点以外，葛培理博士的观点还包含着一个明显的错误：他称那些非基督信仰的宗教，是那些宗教的信徒“唯一能有的光”。但是这不是光！是黑暗！耶稣基督说：“我是世界的光。跟从我的，就不在黑暗里走，必要得着生命的光。”（约8:12）“我在世上的时候，是世上的光。”（约9:5）“我到世上来，乃是光，叫凡信我的，不住在黑暗里。”（约12:46）Aside
from the fact that the Bible says there is salvation only in the name of Jesus,
Dr. Graham’s idea contains this glaring error: He calls these non-Christian
religions “the only light they have.” But they are not light! They are darkness!
Jesus Christ said, “I am the light of the world: he that followeth me shall not
walk in darkness, but shall have the light of life” (John 8:12); “As long as I
am in the world, I am the light of the world” (John 9:5); “I am come a light
into the world, that whosoever believeth on me should not abide in darkness”
(John 12:46).
耶稣差遣保罗去外邦人那里：“要叫他们的眼睛得开，从黑暗中归向光明，从撒但权下归向神；又因信我，得蒙赦罪，和一切成圣的人同得基业。”（徒26: 18）神“救了我们脱离黑暗的权势，把我们迁到他爱子的国里”（西1:13）。Jesus told Paul He was sending
him to the Gentiles, “To open their eyes, and to turn them from darkness to
light, and from the power of Satan unto God, that they may receive forgiveness
of sins, and inheritance among them which are sanctified by faith that is in
me” (see Acts 26:15-18). Paul wrote of God, “Who hath delivered us from the
power of darkness, and hath translated us into the kingdom of his dear Son”
(Colossians 1:13).
在给神百姓的信中，彼得写道：“惟有你们是被拣选的族类，是有君尊的祭司，是圣洁的国度，是属神的子民，要叫你们宣扬那召你们出黑暗、入奇妙光明者的美德。”（彼前2:9）任何一个人，如果不是清楚地信耶稣的名，并信靠他为唯一的救主，就不能得救，而是在黑暗里沉沦。这样的教导贯穿整本圣经。然而，葛培理这样一个有巨大影响力的人，他的教导却完全与圣经相悖，这就是叛教。Peter wrote to
God’s people, “But ye are a chosen generation, a royal priesthood, an holy
nation, a peculiar people; that ye should shew forth the praises of him who
hath called you out of darkness into his marvellous light” (1 Peter 2:9).
Anyone who does not consciously believe on the name of Jesus Christ, trusting
in Him alone as his Savior, is not saved and lies in darkness. This teaching is
found throughout the Scriptures. Yet Billy Graham, a man of enormous influence,
taught just the opposite. This is what is known as apostasy.
如果葛培理和鲁益师没有影响力的话，就不会有这么大的危害，而且他们不是特例。有很多人的教导跟他们的一样，这样的教导充满今天的神学院。你可以肯定在今天的广播、电视、地方教会里，都有人在教导这些靠行为诋毁基督的错谬。Billy Graham and
C.S. Lewis were nothing if they were not influential. Nor were they alone. Many
others have similar teachings, teachings that are taught in seminaries today.
You can be sure that there are people today on radio, television, and in local
churches who are continuing to teach these works-based, Christ denigrating
errors.
对救恩唯独靠着耶稣基督做成的工的诋毁，还有另一条途径——律法主义。鉴于我在网上多次谈到这个问题[6]，在这里就不赘述了。毋庸说，当我们通过行律法或是任何人的行为，在基督已经做成的工上面做添加的时候，我们就是在背弃“唯独基督”这一教义，就是在用假福音代替真福音。这是那些试图说服加拉太人守律法之人所犯过的错误，论到他们，保罗说：“但无论是我们，是天上来的使者，若传福音给你们，与我们所传给你们的不同，他就应当被咒诅。我们已经说了，现在又说，若有人传福音给你们，与你们所领受的不同，他就当被咒诅。”（加1:8-9）Another way of denying justification because of
the finished work of Jesus Christ alone is through legalism. Since I have
addressed this problem many times on this website (see, for example, “Dead to
the Law“), I will not detail it here. Suffice it to say that when we add the
works of the law, or any human works, to the completed work of Jesus Christ, we
are abandoning “Christ alone” and substituting a false gospel for the true
Gospel. It is the error of those who were trying to persuade the Galatians to
keep the law, and of those people Paul said, “But though we, or an angel from
heaven, preach any other gospel unto you than that which we have preached unto
you, let him be accursed. As we said before, so say I now again, If any man
preach any other gospel unto you than that ye have received, let him be
accursed” (Galatians 1:8-9).
结论Conclusion
耶稣基督是我们能被称义的唯一原因，是通往父神的唯一道路，是神与人之间的唯一中保。我几乎想不出来，还有什么是比否认唯独耶稣更恶劣的叛教行为了。宣称连耶稣的名字都从来没有听过的人也能得救，不仅否定了福音，也否定了传扬福音的必要性。如果不管人们有没有听过基督的名，神都救他们，那何必传福音？如果那些听到福音后得救的人本来就是得救的，早期的宣教士们何必冒着生命危险去到世界各地？保罗为什么要经历那样艰难、危险的历程？他遭受海难，忍受拷打、监禁、鞭打、被石头砸，面临死亡威胁，并最终为福音的缘故殉道，这一切都只是一个错误吗？I can hardly think of a worse apostasy than the denial
that Jesus Christ is the only cause of our justification, and that He is the
single way to God, the only mediator between God and men. To say that people
who have never even heard of Christ can be saved denies both the Gospel message
and the reason for its being spread. If God saves people apart from their
hearing about Christ, why evangelize? Why did the apostles go throughout the
world in peril of their lives when the people who were saved after hearing
their Gospel message would have been saved anyway? Why did Paul undertake
arduous and dangerous journeys, suffer being shipwrecked, endure beatings,
stonings, imprisonment, whippings, death threats, and eventual martyrdom for
the sake of the Gospel? Was it all a mistake?
不！所有这些人都是在遵循命令，这命令来自他们复活的主：“你们往普天下去，传福音给万民听（‘万民’原文作‘凡受造的’）。”（可16:15）原始浸信会（Primitive Baptist）教徒认为，可以在福音以外得救，甚至都不需要听到基督的名，就能得救。他们说，福音的最大作用，就是让人们认识他们已经拥有了的救恩。但是，正如我们之前看到的那样，耶稣差遣保罗去外邦人那里，“要叫他们的眼睛得开，从黑暗中归向光明，从撒但权下归向神，又因信我，得蒙赦罪，和一切成圣的人同得基业”。（徒26:18）言外之意当然就是：如果没有福音，人们将会持续的处于灵里瞎眼中，迷失在黑暗里，不能脱离撒但的权势，并且罪也不得赦免，不能和一切成圣的人同得基业。No. All of those
men were obeying the orders of their risen Lord: “Go ye into all the world, and
preach the gospel” (Mark 16:15). Primitive Baptists believe that people are
saved apart from the Gospel or even hearing the name of Christ. The best the
Gospel does, they say, is let people know about the salvation they already
have. But, as we saw earlier, Jesus sent Paul to the Gentiles, “To open their
eyes, and to turn them from darkness to light, and from the power of Satan unto
God, that they may receive forgiveness of sins, and inheritance among them
which are sanctified by faith that is in me” (see Acts 26:18). The implication,
of course, is that without the evangelizing, the people would have stayed
spiritually blind, remained in darkness, not turned from the power of Satan,
and would not have received forgiveness of sins and an inheritance among those
who are sanctified by faith in Christ.
几年前，有一次我和原始浸信会的一位长老和执事谈到这一点。当时我的圣经是合上的，我从罗马书10:9开始逐字逐句地引用圣经，我想一直引用到第17节。在背诵经文的整个过程中，他们一直在摇头，我快背诵完第14节的时候，那个长老打断我：“他们不听传道人的宣讲吗？”然后说：“我们可不信这一套。”显然，他们没有意识到我是在背诵经文，暴露了自己是抵挡神的话以便保持人的传统。Several years ago,
I was discussing this subject with a Primitive Baptist elder and deacon. With
my Bible closed, I started quoting verbatim Romans 10 beginning at verse 9, and
I intended to go to verse 17. All through the quote, they were shaking their
heads, and I had gotten to the end of verse 14—”how shall they hear without a
preacher?”—when the elder interrupted me and said, “We don’t believe like
that!” Apparently not realizing I was quoting Scripture, they revealed
themselves as rejecting the Word of God so they could keep their tradition.
让我们通过用功研读神的话，来使我们的眼目得开，确保自己不再听从任何否认Solus Christus 和 Solo Christo的教义：Let us keep our
ears and eyes tuned through diligent study of God’s Word and make sure we are
not listening to anyone who denies Solus Christus and Solo Christo.
你若口里认耶稣为主，心里信神叫他从死里复活，就必得救。因为人心里相信，就可以称义；口里承认，就可以得救。经上说：“ 凡信他名的人，必不至于羞愧。”犹太人和希腊人并没有分别；因为众人同有一位主，他也厚待一切求告他的人。因为“凡求告主名的就必得救”。然而人未曾信他，怎能求他呢？未曾听见他，怎能信他呢？没有传道的，怎能听见呢？如经上所记：“报福音传喜信的人，他们的脚踪何等佳美！”只是人没有都听福音，因为以赛亚说：“主啊，我们所传的有谁信呢？”可见信道是从听道来的，听道是从基督的话来的。
（罗马书10:9-17）That if thou shalt confess
with thy mouth the Lord Jesus, and shalt believe in thine heart that God hath
raised him from the dead, thou shalt be saved. For with the heart man
believeth unto righteousness; and with the mouth confession is made unto
salvation. For the scripture saith, Whosoever believeth on him shall not be
ashamed. For there is no difference between the Jew and the Greek: for the same
Lord over all is rich unto all that call upon him. For whosoever shall call
upon the name of the Lord shall be saved. How then shall they call on him in
whom they have not believed? and how shall they believe in him of whom they
have not heard? and how shall they hear without a preacher? And how shall they
preach, except they be sent? as it is written, How beautiful are the feet of
them that preach the gospel of peace, and bring glad tidings of good things!
But they have not all obeyed the gospel. For Esaias [Isaiah] saith, Lord, who
hath believed our report? So then faith cometh by hearing, and hearing by the
word of God.
Romans 10:9–17
作者简介：
彼得·迪泽尔（Peter Ditzel）曾在一家教导混乱的组织里负责写作有十年之久，于1991年离开该组织，归正，并建立wordofhisgrace网站，用文章来帮助信徒分辨假教训并明晰以圣经为根基的真理。
[1] “唯独基督”的拉丁文为：“Solus Christus”或“Solo Christo”，也即“唯独基督”或“唯独通过基督”。本文是《宗教改革在我们这里走到尽头了吗？》系列文章中的第四篇。原标题为：The End of Solus Christus or Solo Christo —”Christ Alone” or “Through Christ Alone”。承蒙wordofhisgrace网站授权转载，特此致谢。原文链接：http://www.wordofhisgrace.org/index.html
2016年8月31日存取。——编者注
[2] 夺格：又称“离格”（ablative case）。拉丁语的夺格混合了印欧语系中的夺格（表明来源）、工具格（表明使用）和方位格（表明在）。——编者注
[3] C.S. Lewis, The Last Battle, New York:
Harper Trophy, 1956, P.205.
[4] C. S. Lewis, Mere Christianity: A
Revised and Enlarged Edition, with a New Introduction, of the Three Books, the
Case for Christianity, Christian Behaviour, and Beyond Personality, New York:
Macmillan Pub., 1960, pp.176-177.
[5] 采访视频链接：http://vimeo.com/63369474。