預表和寓意有何不同？
What’s the difference between typology and allegory?
作者：David Murrhy  誠之譯自：
http://headhearthand.org/blog/2012/06/22/pocket-theology-1-whats-the-difference-between-typology-and-allegory/
https://yimawusi.net/2021/04/07/the-difference-between-typology-and-allegory/
 
預表（type）是基督的位格和工作的一幅預言性的圖畫。它是真實的人物、地點、物件、事件，等等，是上帝所定旨，要作為基督的位格或工作的一個預言模式或相似品（或相反的例子）。但是預表和寓言（allegory）或類比（analogy）有何不同呢？以下是快速的初步介紹：
A type is a prophetic picture of Christ’s person and work. It is a real person, place, object, event, etc., which God ordained to act as a predictive pattern or resemblance of Christ’s person and work (or of opposition to it). But how does a type differ from allegory or analogy? Here’s a quick primer:
 
寓言（寓意）有三個主要特徵：
它是一個故事、物件、人物、或事件
這個故事、物件等等，不一定是真實的，也未必是事實
它含有比一般在閱讀這些字句時會讀出來的，更深刻而不同的真理。
An allegory has three main characteristics:
It is a story, an object, a person, or an event.
The story, object, etc., need not be true, real, or factual.
It has a deeper and different truth than the ordinary reading of the words would suggest.
 
例子：聖經中的寓言非常少。不過，有幾個個別的例子。在士師記九章7-21節，約坦用了一個樹木和眾樹叢的寓言，來教導他的聽眾，如何看待亞比米勒的王權。他所說的故事不是真的。樹木和眾樹叢不會彼此交談，也不會彼此下拜。這個故事有其他的深意，不只是會說話的樹而已，而是和真正的王權本質有關。這是個典型的寓言。
Example: Allegory is extremely rare in Scripture. However, there are a few isolated examples. In Judges 9:7-21 Jotham used an allegory about trees and bushes to teach his hearers how to view Abimelech’s kingship. The story he told was not true. Trees and bushes did not talk to one another nor bow down to one another. The story was about a much deeper truth than just talking trees. It was about the nature of true kingship. This is a classic allegory.
預表有四個主要特徵：
 
這是個故事、物件、人物或事件。
這個故事、人物，等等，是真實的，而且是事實。
同樣的真理可以在預表和實體（即預表的應驗）中找到。
同樣的真理會在實體中得到放大、強調、並得到澄清。
A type has four main characteristics:
It is a story, an object, a person, or an event.
The story, object, etc., is true, real, and factual.
The same truth is found in both the type and the antitype (the fulfillment of the type).
The same truth is enlarged, heightened, and clarified in the antitype.
 
例子：逾越節的羔羊是基督的預表。它是真實的。代替性獻祭，以及靠流血得救贖的真理，在預表和預表的實體中都可以看到。而且，這些真理在對應的實體中得到放大、強調，並得到澄清。預表所對應的實體是神而人者，不只是一隻羔羊；祂拯救人脫離屬靈和永恆的枷鎖，不只是物質和暫時的枷鎖。
Example: The Passover lamb is a type of Christ. It was real. The truths of substitutionary sacrifice and redemption by blood are found in both the type and the antitype. And, these truths are enlarged, heightened, and clarified in the antitype. The antitype is the God-man – not just a lamb; and He redeems from spiritual and eternal bondage – not just physical and temporary bondage.