35. 基督的三重職事 The Threefold Office Of Christ
作者: 史鮑爾 (R.C. Sproul) 譯者: 姚錦榮
基督徒能夠認識基督的三重職事，其中一部分功勞要歸于加爾文，因是加爾文在其所著的《基督教要義》一書指出，基督擁有三重的職事：先知、祭司和君王。身為卓越的先知，耶穌基督既是預言的對象，也是預言的主題。祂的身份和工作是舊約預言的焦點，而祂自己又為先知。在耶穌先知性的講論中，神的國和基督在其中的工作是預言的主要題材。先知的主要任務是宣講神的話，而耶穌不單宣講神的話，祂自己就是神的話；祂是神至高的先知，也是神的話成為肉身。
舊約的先知在神和以色列民之間擔任中保的角色，代表神向百姓說話；祭司則代表百姓向神說話，而耶穌也擔負了大祭司的角色。舊約時代，祭司定時獻祭，但耶穌只獻上一次永遠的贖罪祭；祂向父神所獻的祭物就是祂自己。耶穌是祭物，也是獻祭者。
舊約時代，中保的職事包括先知、祭司和君王，這三種任務是由不同的人負責，但耶穌一個人卻擔當了所有的職事。耶穌應驗了詩篇110篇有關彌賽亞的預言，祂是大衛的后裔，也是大衛的主；祂是祭司，也是君王；祂是被殺的羔羊，也是猶大的獅子。要完全明白基督的工作，我們不能只把基督當作先知、或祭司、或君王，因為基督完全地承擔了這三種職事于一身。
總結
1. 耶穌是舊約預言的應驗，而祂自己也是先知。
2. 耶穌是祭司，也是祭物。身為祭司，祂把自己獻上為贖罪祭，成為最完美的祭物。
3. 耶穌是受膏的萬王之王、萬主之主。
思考經文：
詩110篇； 賽42：1-4；路1：26-38；徒3：17-26；來5：5-6
35. The Threefold Office Of Christ
One of the great contributions to a Christian
understanding of the work of Christ is John Calvin’s exposition of the
threefold office of Christ as Prophet, Priest, and King.1
As the prophet of God par excellence, Jesus was
both the object and subject of prophecy. His person and His work are the focal
point of Old Testament prophecy, yet He Himself was a prophet. In Jesus’ own
prophetic statements, the kingdom of God and His role
within the coming kingdom are major themes. A
principal activity of a prophet was to declare the Word of God. Jesus not only
declared the Word of God, He is Himself the Word of God. Jesus was the supreme
Prophet of God, being God’s Word in the flesh.
The Old Testament prophet was a kind of mediator
between God and the people of Israel. He spoke to the people on behalf of God.
The priest spoke to God on behalf of the people. Jesus also fulfilled the role
of the great High Priest. The Old Testament priests offered sacrifices
regularly, but Jesus offered a sacrifice of everlasting value once for all
time. Jesus’ offering to the Father was the sacrifice of Himself. He was both
the offering and the offerer.
Whereas in the Old Testament the mediating offices of
prophet, priest, and king were held by separate individuals, all three offices
are held supremely in the one person of Jesus. Jesus fulfilled the messianic
prophecy of Psalm 110. He is the one who is both David’s descendant and David’s
Lord. He is the Priest who is also the King. The Lamb who is slain is also the
Lion of Judah. To gain a full understanding of the work of Christ we must not
view Him merely as a prophet, or as a priest, or as a king. All three offices
are perfectly fulfilled in Him.
Summary
1. Jesus was the fulfillment of Old Testament prophecy
and was Himself
a prophet.
2. Jesus was both Priest and sacrifice. As Priest, He
offered Himself as
the perfect sacrifice for sin.
3. Jesus is the anointed King of all kings and Lord of
all lords.
Biblical passages for reflection:
Psalm 110 Isaiah 42:1-4； Luke 1:26-38； Acts 3:17-26； Hebrews 5:5-6
1. Calvin, Institutes, bk. II, 1:425-429.
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