西敏大要理問答TheWestminster Larger Catechism (1648)

呂沛淵牧師譯

https://bible.world/%E8%A5%BF%E6%95%8F%E5%A4%A7%E8%A6%81%E7%90%86%E9%97%AE%E7%AD%94%E5%90%95%E6%B2%9B%E6%B8%8A%E7%89%A7%E5%B8%88%E8%AF%91

http://www.ligonier.org/learn/articles/westminster-larger-catechism/

目錄

https://yibaniba.blogspot.com/2018/07/blog-post_52.html

1～50 問

https://yibaniba.blogspot.com/2018/07/blog-post_53.html

51～100 問

https://yibaniba.blogspot.com/2018/07/blog-post_28.html

101～150 問

https://yibaniba.blogspot.com/2018/07/blog-post_50.html

151～196問

https://yibaniba.blogspot.com/2018/07/blog-post_39.html

101～150 問

101問：十誡的序言是什麽？

Question 101: What is the preface to the ten commandments?

答：十誡的序言就是:“我是耶和華你的上帝，曾將你從埃及地為奴之家領出來” （出20:2）。上帝從中顯明了祂的主權，祂是耶和華，是永恒、不變、全能的上帝（賽44:6）；祂是自有永有的（出3:14），祂的話語（出6:3）和作為（徒17:24，28）都由祂而出:

（1）    祂是立約的上帝，與過去的以色列人立約，也與祂所有的子民立約（創17:7，比較羅3:29）；

（2）    正如祂帶領以色列人擺脫了埃及地的捆綁，同樣也把我們從屬靈的奴役下釋放出來（路1:74－75）；

（3）    因此，我們視祂為我們獨一的上帝，遵行祂一切的誡命，是義不容辭的（彼前1:15－18；利18:30，19:37）。

Answer: The preface to the ten commandments is contained in these words, I am the Lord thy God, which have brought thee out of the land of Egypt, out of the house of bondage. Wherein God manifests his sovereignty, as being JEHOVAH, the eternal, immutable, and almighty God; having his being in and of himself, and giving being to all his words and works: and that he is a God in covenant, as with Israel of old, so with all his people; who, as he brought them out of their bondage in Egypt, so he delivers us from our spiritual thraldom; and that therefore we are bound to take him for our God alone, and to keep all his commandments.

102問：前四誡中包含了的我們對上帝的責任，其精義是什麽？

Question 102: What is the sum of the four commandments which contain our duty to God?

答：前四誡中包含了我們對上帝的責任，其精義是盡心、盡性、盡力、盡意愛主我們的上帝（路10:27）。

Answer: The sum of the four commandments containing our duty to God is, to love the Lord our God with all our heart, and with all our soul, and with all our strength, and with all our mind.

問103：第一誡命是什麼？

Question 103: Which is the first commandment?

答：第一誡命是：「除了我以外，你不可有別的神」

Answer: The first commandment is, Thou shall have no other gods before me.

問104：第一誡命所要求的責任是哪些？

Question 104: What are the duties required in the first commandment?

答：第一誡命所要求的責任是：認識並承認上帝是獨一的真神，是我們的神；因此我們要敬拜與榮耀祂，藉著思念默想，記念高舉，尊榮敬拜，選擇歸向，渴慕敬畏祂；相信祂；信靠祂，仰望祂，因祂歡欣，以祂為樂；熱心事奉祂；呼求祂，將一切讚美感謝歸給祂，全人全然順服祂；在每件事上留心討祂喜悅，為任何事得罪祂時而憂傷；並存謙卑的心與祂同行。

Answer: The duties required in the first commandment are, the knowing and acknowledging of God to be the only true God, and our God; and to worship and glorify him accordingly, by thinking, meditating, remembering, highly esteeming, honoring, adoring, choosing, loving, desiring, fearing of him; believing him; trusting, hoping, delighting, rejoicing in him; being zealous for him; calling upon him, giving all praise and thanks, and yielding all obedience and submission to him with the whole man; being careful in all things to please him, and sorrowful when in anything he is offended; and walking humbly with him.

問105：第一誡命中所禁止的罪，是哪些？

Question 105: What are the sins forbidden in the first commandment?

答：第一誡命中所禁止的罪是：無神論，否認或不承認有上帝；拜偶像，主張或敬拜多神，或在獨一真神之外的任何假神；不承認或確信祂是上帝，我們的上帝；省略或忽視此誡命中所吩咐祂當得的任何事物；對祂存無知健忘，誤會謬解，不敬虔或邪惡的念頭；大膽好奇的探究祂隱密的旨意；對上帝一切的褻瀆與恨惡；自戀，自私自利，以及所有放肆，放縱我們的心思意志情感在其他事物上，將這些事物全部或部份與祂分離；虛空妄信，不信，異端，迷信，不信靠，絕望，固執任性，對審判無知，硬心，驕傲，僭越，屬肉體的安全感，試探上帝；使用非法手段，倚靠人為方法；貪愛世俗享樂；腐敗，盲目，輕率的熱心；不冷不熱，對於神的事情麻木；遠離上帝，背道變節；向聖徒，天使或其他受造物禱告敬拜；所有交鬼結盟，或聽從其建議；將人們當作我們信心與良心的主宰；藐視輕慢上帝與祂的誡命；敵擋祂的聖靈，讓聖靈擔憂，對祂的安排不滿與不耐煩，因祂加諸我們的患難而視祂為愚昧；將我們所是所有所能作的好事，讚美歸功於運氣，偶像或自己或其他受造物。

Answer: The sins forbidden in the first commandment are, atheism, in denying or not having a God; idolatry, in having or worshiping more gods than one, or any with or instead of the true God; the not having and avouching him for God, and our God; the omission or neglect of anything due to him, required in this commandment; ignorance, forgetfulness, misapprehensions, false opinions, unworthy and wicked thoughts of him; bold and curious searching into his secrets; all profaneness, hatred of God; self-love, self-seeking, and all other inordinate and immoderate setting of our mind, will, or affections upon other things, and taking them off from him in whole or in part; vain credulity, unbelief, heresy, misbelief, distrust, despair, incorrigibleness, and insensibleness under judgments, hardness of heart, pride, presumption, carnal security, tempting of God; using unlawful means, and trusting in lawful means; carnal delights and joys; corrupt, blind, and indiscreet zeal; lukewarmness, and deadness in the things of God; estranging ourselves, and apostatizing from God; praying, or giving any religious worship, to saints, angels, or any other creatures; all compacts and consulting with the devil, and hearkening to his suggestions; making men the lords of our faith and conscience; slighting and despising God and his commands; resisting and grieving of his Spirit, discontent and impatience at his dispensations, charging him foolishly for the evils he inflicts on us; and ascribing the praise of any good we either are, have, or can do, to fortune, idols, ourselves, or any other creature.

問106：第一誡命中「除了我以外（在我面前）」，這特別要教導我們什麼？

Question 106: What are we specially taught by these words before me in the first commandment?

答：第一誡命中「除了我以外」或「在我面前」要教導我們：上帝鑒察萬事萬物，特別注意人們犯「有別神」的罪，對此罪大為不悅。所以，「除了我以外」或「在我面前」此句話是用來阻止我們犯此罪，強調此罪的嚴重，是最卑劣的惹祂憤怒之罪；此句話也勸服我們在祂面前行事為人，所作的一切都是事奉祂。

Answer: These words before me, or before my face, in the first commandment, teach us, that God, who sees all things, takes special notice of, and is much displeased with, the sin of having any other God: that so it may be an argument to dissuade from it, and to aggravate it as a most impudent provocation: as also to persuade us to do as in his sight,: Whatever we do in his service.

問107：第二誡命是什麼？

Question 107: Which is the second commandment?

答：第二誡命是「不可為自己雕刻偶像，也不可作什麼形像，彷彿上天，下地，和地底下水中的百物；不可跪拜那些像，也不可事奉他；因為我耶和華你的上帝，是 忌邪的上帝，恨我的，我必追討他的罪，自父及子直到三四代；愛我守我誡命的，我必向他們發慈愛直到千代」。

Answer: The second commandment is, Thou shalt not make unto thee any graven image, or any likeness of anything that is in heaven above, or that is in the earth beneath, or that is in the water under the earth: Thou shalt not bow down thyself to them, nor serve them: for I the Lord thy God am a jealous God, visiting the iniquity of the fathers upon the children unto the third and fourth generation of them that hate me; and showing mercy unto thousands of them that love me, and keep my commandments.

問108：第二誡命中所要求的責任什麼？

Question 108: What are the duties required in the second commandment?

答：第二誡命中所要求的責任是：要接納遵守上帝在祂的聖道中，所制訂的一切有關敬虔崇拜的典章，保持其純全；特別是奉基督的名禱告感謝；聖道的宣讀，傳講，與聆聽；聖禮的施行與領受；教會的治理與勸誡；聖工的進行與維護；敬虔的禁食；奉神的名宣誓，向祂謹守誓言：並且禁止，棄絕，反對一切虛偽的崇拜；按照每個人的處境與呼召，除去虛偽的崇拜，以及所有拜偶像的標誌。

Answer: The duties required in the second commandment are, the receiving, observing, and keeping pure and entire, all such religious worship and ordinances as God has instituted in his Word; particularly prayer and thanksgiving in the name of Christ; the reading, preaching, and hearing of the Word; the administration and receiving of the sacraments; church government and discipline; the ministry and maintenance thereof; religious fasting; swearing by the name of God, and vowing unto him: as also the disapproving, detesting, opposing, all false worship; and, according to each one’s place and calling, removing it, and all monuments of idolatry.

問109：第二誡命中所禁止的罪惡是什麼？

Question 109: What are the sins forbidden in the second commandment?

答：第二誡命中所禁止的罪惡是：

（1）任何人為設計，提議，命令，使用，認可的，卻非上帝親自所設立的宗教崇拜；

（2）以我們內心或外在世界中，任何受造物的形像樣式，製造上帝的代表圖像，不論是三位格或其中一位格；崇拜這些圖像，或其中的神，或藉著這些圖像來崇拜神；

（3）製造假神的任何圖像，任何敬拜或事奉它們的行為；

（4）以傳統，風俗，敬虔外貌，好意，或任何假冒為藉口，隨著自己的私意杜撰，或由他人傳留下來，所帶來的各樣迷信作法，以增添或刪減方式，腐化了對上帝的崇拜；

（5）買賣聖職，褻瀆不敬，所有疏忽藐視，阻擾反對上帝所定規的崇拜與典章。

Answer: The sins forbidden in the second commandment are, all devising, counseling, commanding, using, and anywise approving, any religious worship not instituted by God himself; tolerating a false religion; the making any representation of God, of all or of any of the three persons, either inwardly in our mind, or outwardly in any kind of image or likeness of any creature: Whatsoever; all worshiping of it, or God in it or by it; the making of any representation of feigned deities, and all worship of them, or service belonging to them; all superstitious devices, corrupting the worship of God, adding to it, or taking from it, whether invented and taken up of ourselves, or received by tradition from others, though under the title of antiquity, custom, devotion, good intent, or any other pretense: Whatsoever; simony; sacrilege; all neglect, contempt, hindering, and opposing the worship and ordinances which God has appointed.

問110：第二誡命列舉甚麼理由，使我們更要遵行它？

Question 110: What are the reasons annexed to the second commandment, the more to enforce it?

答：第二誡命所列舉的理由，使我們更要遵行它，是包含在以下的話：「因為我耶和華你的上帝，是忌邪的上帝，恨我的，我必追討他的罪，自父及子，直到三四代；愛我守我誡命的，我必向他們發慈愛，直到千代」。

（1）上帝的主權在我們之上，我們屬於祂；祂為屬於祂的崇拜極其熱心，祂恨惡一切虛假的崇拜，因為這些是屬靈方面的淫亂，必遭致祂的義怒刑罰；

（2）祂將凡違背此誡命者，視為恨祂的；祂警告必追討他們的罪，直到數代；

（3）祂將凡遵行此誡命者，視為愛祂守祂誡命的；祂應許賜憐憫給他們，直到許多代。

Answer: The reasons annexed to the second commandment, the more to enforce it, contained in these words, For I the Lord thy God am a jealous God, visiting the iniquity of the fathers upon the children unto the third and fourth generation of them that hate me; and showing mercy unto thousands of them that love me, and keep my commandments; are, besides God’s sovereignty over us, and propriety in us, his fervent zeal for his own worship, and his revengeful indignation against all false worship, as being a spiritual whoredom; accounting the breakers of this commandment such as hate him, and threatening to punish them unto divers generations; and esteeming the observers of it such as love him and keep his commandments, and promising mercy to them unto many generations.

問111：第三誡命是什麼？

Question 111: Which is the third commandment?

答：第三誡命是：「不可妄稱耶和華你上帝的名，因為妄稱耶和華名的，耶和華必不以他為無罪」。

Answer: The third commandment is, Thou shalt not take the name of the Lord thy God in vain: for the Lord will not hold him guiltless that takes his name in vain.

問112：第三誡命所要求的責任是哪些？

Question 112: What is required in the third commandment?

答：第三誡命要求的責任是：

（1）在我們的思念，默想，言話，寫作中，都要以聖潔敬畏的態度來稱上帝的名字，名號，屬性，典章，聖道，聖禮，禱告，起誓，許願，搖籤，祂的作為，和一切祂藉以顯明祂自己的事物；

（2）我們要以聖潔的態度宣告信仰，負責的言語交談，使榮耀歸於上帝，使我們與他人都得益處。

Answer: The third commandment requires, That the name of God, his titles, attributes, ordinances, the Word, sacraments, prayer, oaths, vows, lots, his works, and: Whatsoever else there is whereby he makes himself known, be holily and reverently used in thought, meditation, word, and writing; by an holy profession, and

Answerable conversation, to the glory of God, and the good of ourselves, and others.

問113：第三誡命所禁止的罪，是哪些？

Question 113: What are the sins forbidden in the third commandment?

答：第三誡命所禁止的罪，是：

（1）不按照神所吩咐的來使用祂的聖名；

（2）妄稱神的聖名，以無知，虛妄，不敬，褻瀆，迷信，或邪惡的提及神的聖名；或因褻瀆，偽證而使用祂的名稱，屬性，典章，或工作；

（3）所有罪惡的咒詛，誓言，許願，搖籤；

（4）合法的起誓與許願，卻違背不遵行；不合法的起誓與許願，卻依然履行；

（5）對於神的旨意與護理，以埋怨吵鬧來對待，窺探與誤用之；

（6）對於神的聖道，錯誤解釋，胡亂應用，扭曲聖經，謬講聖經的任何部分；對之褻瀆嘲弄，好奇無益的問難，荒渺無憑的爭論，或堅持錯謬教義；

（7）濫用神的聖名，濫用受造物或在神聖名之下所包含的任何事物，藉之行法術來迷惑人，放縱情慾；

（8）惡毒中傷，譏笑謾罵，任何敵擋神的真理，恩典與作為；

（9）假冒為善宣稱信主，圖謀不軌；

（10）以神的聖名為恥，或羞辱主的聖名，做出不順從，不智慧，無果效，絆倒人之事，或背叛主的聖名。

Answer: The sins forbidden in the third commandment are, the not using of God’s name as is required; and the abuse of it in an ignorant, vain, irreverent, profane, superstitious, or wicked mentioning, or otherwise using his titles, attributes, ordinances, or works, by blasphemy, perjury; all sinful cursings, oaths, vows, and lots; violating of our oaths and vows, if lawful; and fulfilling them, if of things unlawful; murmuring and quarreling at, curious prying into, and misapplying of God’s decrees and providences; misinterpreting, misapplying, or any way perverting the Word, or any part of it, to profane jests, curious or unprofitable

Questions, vain janglings, or the maintaining of false doctrines; abusing it, the creatures, or anything contained under the name of God, to charms, or sinful lusts and practices; the maligning, scorning, reviling, or anywise opposing of God’s truth, grace, and ways; making profession of religion in hypocrisy, or for sinister ends; being ashamed of it, or a shame to it, by unconformable, unwise, unfruitful, and offensive walking, or backsliding from it.

問114：第三誡命列舉什麼理由，要我們遵行？

Question 114: What reasons are annexed to the third commandment?

答：第三誡命列舉要我們遵行的理由，是在以下的話中：「耶和華你的上帝」和「因妄稱耶和華名的，耶和華必不以他為無罪」。因為祂是主耶和華，我們的上帝，因此祂的聖名是不容我們褻瀆或以任何方式妄用；也特別因為祂不會以違犯此誡命者為無罪而赦免之，雖然許多這樣的人逃避從人來的責難與刑罰，然而祂不會容讓他們逃脫祂公義的審判。

Answer: The reasons annexed to the third commandment, in these words, The Lord thy God, and, For the Lord will not hold him guiltless that takes his name in vain, are, because he is the Lord and our God, therefore his name is not to be profaned, or any way abused by us; especially because he will be so far from acquitting and sparing the transgressors of this commandment, as that he will not suffer them to escape his righteous judgment, albeit many such escape the censures and punishments of men.

問115：第四誡命是什麼？

Question 115: Which is the fourth commandment?

答：第四誡命是：「當記念安息日，守為聖日。六日要勞碌作你一切的工，但第七日是向耶和華你上帝當守的安息日。這一日，你和你的兒女，僕婢，牲畜，並你城裡寄居的客旅，無論何工都不可作；因為六日之內，耶和華造天，地，海，和其中的萬物，第七日便安息，所以，耶和華賜福與安息日，定為聖日。」

Answer: The fourth commandment is, Remember the sabbath day, to keep it holy. Six days shalt thou labor, and do all thy work: but the seventh day is the sabbath of the Lord thy God: in it thou shalt not do any work, thou, nor thy son, nor thy daughter, thy manservant, nor thy maidservant, nor thy cattle, nor thy stranger that is within thy gates: For in six days the Lord made heaven and earth, the sea, and all that in them is, and rested the seventh day: wherefore the Lord blessed the sabbath day, and hallowed it.

問116：第四誡命所要求的責任是什麼？

Question 116: What is required in the fourth commandment?

答：第四誡命要求所有人對上帝所設定的時間，都尊為聖並且守為聖日，這是上帝在祂聖道中清楚指定的，在七日中有一整日：從世界之初到基督復活，是第七日；自基督復活起，直到世界的末了，是每週的第一日；這是基督徒的安息日，在新約聖經中稱為「主日」。

Answer: The fourth commandment requires of all men the sanctifying or keeping holy to God such set times as he has appointed in his Word, expressly one whole day in seven; which was the seventh from the beginning of the world to the resurrection of Christ, and the first day of the week ever since, and so to continue to the end of the world; which is the Christian sabbath, and in the New Testament called the Lord’s day.

問117：如何守安息日或主日為聖日？

Question 117: How is the sabbath or the Lord’s day to be sanctified?

答：守安息日或主日為聖日，應當整天都守聖潔的安息，不單是禁戒平時為罪惡的事情，甚至也要禁止在其他六日視為合法的世俗工作與娛樂。除了必須與憐憫的工作之外，應當喜樂的將全日時間用來，與眾人在教會中和個人在家中敬拜上帝。為了達此目的，我們應當預備己心，事先勤勉與節制的安排，按時處理好我們的世務，以致我們能更自由與合宜的在主日盡本分。

Answer: The sabbath or Lord’s day is to be sanctified by an holy resting all the day, not only from such works as are at all times sinful, but even from such worldly employments and recreations as are on other days lawful; and making it our delight to spend the whole time (except so much of it as is to betaken up in works of necessity and mercy) in the public and private exercises of God’s worship: and, to that end, we are to prepare our hearts, and with such foresight, diligence, and moderation, to dispose and seasonably dispatch our worldly business, that we may be the more free and fit for the duties of that day.

問118：為何守安息的吩咐，是特別針對家長或其他掌權者？

Question 118: Why is the charge of keeping the sabbath more specially directed to governors of families, and other superiors?

答：守安息的吩咐，特別針對家長或其他掌權者，因為他們不只是自己有義務守安息，也有責任監督他們手下之人守安息；並且因為他們時常易於使喚手下之人替他們辦事，攔阻手下之人守安息。

Answer: The charge of keeping the sabbath is more specially directed to governors of families, and other superiors, because they are bound not only to keep it themselves, but to see that it be observed by all those that are under their charge; and because they are prone ofttimes to hinder them by employments of their own.

問119：第四誡命中禁止的罪，是哪些？

Question 119: What are the sins forbidden in the fourth commandment?

答：第四誡命中所禁止的罪，是：

（一）從各方面疏忽了安息日所要求的職責；並粗心大意或漫不經心，不得益處，且厭倦這些職責；

（二）以懶惰與作犯罪的事，來褻瀆此日；

（三）以一切不必要的活動，言語與思想，從事世俗的職業與娛樂

Answer: The sins forbidden in the fourth commandment are, all omissions of the duties required, all careless, negligent, and unprofitable performing of them, and being weary of them; all profaning the day by idleness, and doing that which is in itself sinful; and by all needless works, words, and thoughts, about our worldly employments and recreations.

問120：第四誡命列舉什麼理由，更加強了其執行根據？

Question 120: What are the reasons annexed to the fourth commandment, the more to enforce it?

答：第四誡命列舉下列理由，更加強了其執行根據：

（一）為了平衡，上帝賜給我們一週有六日，來作自己的事情，保留一日歸給祂：「六日要勞碌作你一切的工」；

（二）上帝要求這日是特別恰當：「第七日是向耶和華你上帝當守的安息日」；

（三）上帝是典範：「因為六日之日，耶和華造天地海和其中的萬物，第七日便安息」

（四）上帝賜福與這日，不僅是將這日分別為聖來事奉祂，也是設立這日作為賜福的媒介，使我們分別此日為聖時賜福給我們：「所以耶和華賜福與安息日，定為聖日」

Answer: The reasons annexed to the fourth commandment, the more to enforce it, are taken from the equity of it, God allowing us six days of seven for our own affairs, and reserving but one for himself, in these words, Six days shalt thou labor, and do all thy work: from God’s challenging a special propriety in that day, The seventh day is the sabbath of the Lord thy God: from the example of God, who in six days made heaven and earth, the sea, and all that in them is, and rested the seventh day: and from that blessing which God put upon that day, not only in sanctifying it to be a day for his service, but in ordaining it to be a means of blessing to us in our sanctifying it;Wherefore the Lord blessed the sabbath day, and hallowed it.

問121：為何第四誡命是以「當記念」開始呢？

Question 121: Why is the word Remember set in the beginning of the fourth commandment?

答：第四誡命以「當記念」開始，首先，是因為記念安息日帶來極大的益處：

（一）我們藉著「記念」，得到幫助來預備守這誡命；並且遵行了這誡命，就使我們更能遵守其他一切誡命；

（二）繼之以感恩的心，來記念「創造」與「救贖」兩大恩福，這是敬虔信仰的總結；

另外，是因為我們很容易忘記遵守安息日：

（一）我們的本性不容易記住要守安息，因為我們不受拘束的天然本性，不斷的想去作在其他六日中合法的事，此誡命乃是要限制我們的放縱；

（二）安息日是七日中唯一之日，我們在六日中忙於許多世俗之事，使我們常忘記思想此日，既沒有為守此日預備好心，也沒有分別此日為聖；

（三）撒但與其黨羽處心積慮，想要剝奪安息日的榮美，甚至想盡辦法去除人心中對此日的記憶，導致一切不虔不義之事。

Answer: The word Remember is set in the beginning of the fourth commandment, partly, because of the great benefit of remembering it, we being thereby helped in our preparation to keep it, and, in keeping it, better to keep all the rest of the commandments, and to continue a thankful remembrance of the two great benefits of creation and redemption, which contain a short abridgment of religion; and partly, because we are very ready to forget it, for that there is less light of nature for it, and yet it restrains our natural liberty in things at other times lawful; that it comes but once in seven days, and many worldly businesses come between, and too often take off our minds from thinking of it, either to prepare for it, or to sanctify it;and that Satan with his instruments much labor to blot out the glory, and even the memory of it, to bring in all irreligion and impiety.

問122：十誡中後六誡命，包括我們對人的責任，其總綱是什麼？

Question 122: What is the sum of the six commandments which contain our duty to man?

答：後六誡命包括我們對人的責任，其總綱是「要愛人如己」，以及「我們願意人怎樣待我們，我們也要怎樣待人」。

Answer: The sum of the six commandments which contain our duty to man is, to love our neighbor as ourselves, and to do to others: What we would have them to do to us.

問123：第五誡命是什麼？

Question 123: Which is the fifth commandment?

答：第五誡命是：「當孝敬父母，使你的日子在耶和華你上帝所賜你的地上，得以長久」

Answer: The fifth commandment is, Honor thy father and thy mother; that thy days may be long upon the land which the Lord thy God gives thee.

問124：第五誡命中的「父母」所指為誰？

Question 124: Who are meant by father and mother in the fifth commandment?

答：第五誡命中的「父母」所指的，狹義是指身生的父母，而廣義也包括在年齡與恩賜上的長輩；特別是指上帝所設立的，於家庭，教會，或國家中，在我們之上有權柄的人

Answer: By father and mother, in the fifth commandment, are meant, not only natural parents, but all superiors in age and gifts; and especially such as, by God’s ordinance, are over us in place of authority, whether in family, church, or commonwealth.

問125：為何稱在上的長輩為「父母」呢？

Question 125: Why are superiors styled father and mother?

答：稱在上的長輩為「父母」，有兩個原因：

（1）為要教導他們，根據各種關係的性質，向晚輩盡職責，像身生的父母一般，以慈愛和溫柔對待他們；

（2）並要使晚輩更加甘心樂意，對他們的長輩盡職責，像對自己的父母一樣。

Answer: Superiors are styled father and mother, both to teach them in all duties toward their inferiors, like natural parents, to express love and tenderness to them, according to their several relations; and to work inferiors to a greater willingness and cheerfulness in performing their duties to their superiors, as to their parents.

問126：第五誡命的廣義範圍涵蓋什麼？

Question 126: What is the general scope of the fifth commandment?

答：第五誡命的廣義範圍涵蓋：我們在各種人際關係中，作為晚輩，長輩，或平輩，履行雙方當盡的義務責任。

Answer: The general scope of the fifth commandment is, the performance of those duties which we mutually owe in our several relations, as inferiors, superiors, or equals.

問127：晚輩應當如何尊重長輩？

Question 127: What is the honor that inferiors owe to their superiors.?

答：晚輩應當尊重長輩，包括：

（1）在心思，言語，行為上給予長輩一切應得的敬重；

（2）為他們禱告感謝；效法他們的善行與美德；

（3）願意順服他們合法的吩咐與勸導；應當順從他們的指正；

（4）根據長輩的身份與職分，對他們忠誠，保衛並維護他們的人格與權柄；

（5）包容他們的軟弱，並以愛來遮蓋他們，使得晚輩可以他們為榮，並以他們的治理為榮。

Answer: The honor which inferiors owe to their superiors is, all due reverence in heart, word, and behavior; prayer and thanksgiving for them; imitation of their virtues and graces; willing obedience to their lawful commands and counsels; due submission to their corrections; fidelity to, defense and maintenance of their persons and authority, according to their several ranks, and the nature of their places; bearing with their infirmities, and covering them in love, that so they may be an honor to them and to their government.

問128：晚輩冒犯長輩的罪，有哪些？

Question 128: What are the sins of inferiors against their superiors?

答：晚輩冒犯長輩的罪，有：

（1）疏忽向長輩當盡的各方面責任；

（2）長輩所提出的勸導，命令與糾正是合法的，而晚輩以嫉妒，輕蔑，反叛的態度來對待他們的人格與地位；

（3）咒詛，嘲弄，一切惡意中傷與醜化的行為舉止，導致對長輩與其治理帶來羞辱。

Answer: The sins of inferiors against their superiors are, all neglect of the duties required toward them; envying at, contempt of, and rebellion against, their persons and places, in their lawful counsels, commands, and corrections; cursing, mocking, and all such refractory and scandalous carriage, as proves a shame and dishonor to them and their government.

問129：長輩應當如何對待晚輩？

Question 129: What is required of superiors towards their inferiors?

答：長輩應當根據他們從神而得的權柄，在他們所處的關係中，

（1）愛護晚輩，為晚輩禱告與祝福；指教，勸勉，警戒晚輩；

（2）當晚輩行得好時，表露讚賞，稱許，嘉獎；當晚輩行得不好時，表示不悅，督責，管教：

（3）保護晚輩，為他們的靈魂身體預備一切必須的；

（4）以莊重，智慧，聖潔，模範的舉止，來榮耀神，活出長輩的尊榮，保守神所賜給長輩的權柄。

Answer: It is required of superiors, according to that power they receive from God, and that relation wherein they stand, to love, pray for, and bless their inferiors; to instruct, counsel, and admonish them; countenancing, commending, and rewarding such as do well; and discountenancing, reproving, and chastising such as do ill; protecting, and providing for them all things necessary for soul and body: and by grave, wise, holy, and exemplary carriage, to procure glory to God, honor to themselves, and so to preserve that authority which God has put upon them.

130：長輩可能犯的罪有哪些？

Question 130: What are the sins of superiors?

答：長輩可能的罪，除了忽略他們當盡的職責之外，還有：

（1）肆無忌憚的自私自利，追求自己的榮耀，舒適，利益，快樂；

（2）命令晚輩作不合法的事，或超出他們能力範圍的事；

（3）輔導，鼓勵，或幫助他們作邪惡之事；勸阻，挫折，或不悅他們作良善之事；

（4）用不當的方法改正他們；

（5）粗心大意將他們暴露於錯謬，試探，危險之中，不管不顧；惹他們的怒氣；

（6）以不公義，不謹慎，嚴酷或怠慢的行為，來羞辱自己或削弱自己的權柄。

Answer: The sins of superiors are, besides the neglect of the duties required of them, an inordinate seeking of themselves, their own glory, ease, profit, or pleasure; commanding things unlawful, or not in the power of inferiors to perform; counseling, encouraging, or favoring them in that which is evil; dissuading, discouraging, or discountenancing them in that which is good; correcting them unduly; careless exposing, or leaving them to wrong, temptation, and danger; provoking them to wrath; or any way dishonoring themselves, or lessening their authority, by an unjust, indiscreet, rigorous, or remiss behavior.

問131：同輩之間的職責是什麼？

Question 131: What are the duties of equals?

答：同輩之間的職責是：

（1）看重彼此的尊嚴與價值，恭敬人要彼此推讓；

（2）欣賞彼此的恩賜與長進，一同喜樂。

Answer: The duties of equals are, to regard the dignity and worth of each other, in giving honor to go one before another; and to rejoice in each other’s gifts and advancement, as their own.

問132：同輩之間可能犯的罪有哪些？

Question 132: What are the sins of equals?

答：同輩之間可能犯的罪，除了忽略他們當盡的職責之外，還有：

（1）貶低對方的價值；嫉妒對方的恩賜；

（2）當對方長進或昌盛時，感到難受；簒位奪取對方的殊榮。

Answer: The sins of equals are, besides the neglect of the duties required, the undervaluing of the worth, envying the gifts, grieving at the advancement of prosperity one of another; and usurping preeminence one over another.

問133：第五誡命列舉什麼理由，使我們更要遵行它？

Question 133: What is the reason annexed to the fifth commandment, the more to enforce it?

答：第五誡命列舉的理由是這樣說的「使你的日子，在耶和華你神所賜你的地上，得以長久」。這是明確的應許長壽與興旺，賜給一切遵行此誡命的人，只要他們是為了榮耀神與使自己得益處，就必然在世長壽與興旺。

Answer: The reason annexed to the fifth commandment, in these words, That thy days may be long upon the land which the Lord thy God gives thee, is an express promise of long life and prosperity, as far as it shall serve for God’s glory and their own good, to all such as keep this commandment.

問134：第六誡命是什麼？

Question 134: Which is the sixth commandment?

答：第六誡命是「不可殺人」。

Answer: The sixth commandment is, Thou shalt not kill.

問135：第六誡命所要求的責任是什麼？

Question 135: What are the duties required in the sixth commandment?

答：第六誡命所要求的責任是，以各種謹慎的研究與合乎上帝律法的努力，來保存我們自己與他人的生命：

（1）抵擋一切思想意圖，遏止所有情緒，避免任何場合，誘惑與作法，以免導致不義奪取任何人的生命；

（2）以正義防衛來阻止暴力，忍耐服在上帝大能手下，心思平靜，靈裡喜樂；

（3）謹慎節制肉食，喝酒，藥物，睡眠，工作與娛樂；

（4）心胸寬闊，有愛心，憐憫，謙卑，溫柔，恩慈；言語行為與人和睦，溫良柔順；

（5）凡事包容，樂意和好，忍辱負重，饒恕傷害，以善報惡；安慰救助受苦之人，保守護衛無辜之人。

Answer: The duties required in the sixth commandment are, all careful studies, and lawful endeavors, to preserve the life of ourselves and others by resisting all thoughts and purposes, subduing all passions, and avoiding all occasions, temptations, and practices, which tend to the unjust taking away the life of any; by just defense thereof against violence, patient bearing of the hand of God, quietness of mind, cheerfulness of spirit; a sober use of meat, drink, physic, sleep, labor, and recreations; by charitable thoughts, love, compassion, meekness, gentleness, kindness; peaceable, mild and courteous speeches and behavior; forbearance, readiness to be reconciled, patient bearing and forgiving of injuries, and requiting good for evil; comforting and succoring the distressed, and protecting and defending the innocent.

問136：第六誡命所禁止的罪，是哪些？

Question 136: What are the sins forbidden in the sixth commandment?

答：第六誡命所禁止的罪是： （1）一切奪取我們自己或他人生命的作為，除了是公眾正義，合法戰爭，或必要防衛之舉；

（2）疏忽或退縮，不以合法且必須的方法來保存生命；

（3）發怒犯罪，恨惡嫉妒，想要報仇；所有過份的情慾，侵擾人的憂慮；

（4）無節制的吃肉，喝酒，工作與娛樂；

（5）觸怒的言詞，壓迫，爭吵，打擊，傷害，以及一切導致摧毀任何人生命的作為。

Answer: The sins forbidden in the sixth commandment are, all taking away the life of ourselves, or of others, except in case of public justice, lawful war, or necessary defense; the neglecting or withdrawing the lawful and necessary means of preservation of life; sinful anger, hatred, envy, desire of revenge;all excessive passions, distracting cares; immoderate use of meat, drink, labor, and recreations; provoking words, oppression, quarreling, striking, wounding, and: Whatsoever else tends to the destruction of the life of any.

問137：第七誡命是什麼？

Question 137: Which is the seventh commandment?

答：第七誡命是「不可姦淫」

Answer: The seventh commandment is, Thou shalt not commit adultery.

問138：第七誡命所要求的責任是什麼？

Question 138: What are the duties required in the seventh commandment?

答：第七誡命所要求的責任是：

（1）在身體，心思，情感，言語，行為，都要貞潔；

（2）保守我們自己與他人的貞潔；

（3）謹守眼目與所有感官，節制，與貞潔的人為伍，以正派衣裳為裝飾；

（4）若沒有獨身節慾的恩賜，就當結婚；夫妻相愛，彼此同住；

（5）在婚姻的恩召中，殷勤建造家庭；

（6）避開一切不潔的場合，抵擋關連的試探。

Answer: The duties required in the seventh commandment are, chastity in body, mind, affections, words, and behavior; and the preservation of it in ourselves and others; watchfulness over the eyes and all the senses; temperance, keeping of chaste company, modesty in apparel; marriage by those that have not the gift of continency, conjugal love, and cohabitation; diligent labor in our callings; shunning all occasions of uncleanness, and resisting temptations thereunto.

問139：第七誡命所禁止的罪，是哪些？

Question 139: What are the sins forbidden in the seventh commandment?

答：第七誡命所禁止的罪，除了忽略所當盡的的責任之外，是：

（1）婚後姦淫，婚前淫亂；強姦，亂倫；同性戀；與一切逆性的情慾；

（2）所有不潔淨的幻想，思念，慾望，情感；一切腐敗或污穢的交談或聆聽；

（3）淫蕩的外貌，卑劣輕浮的舉止，不正派的服裝；

（4）禁止合法的婚姻，施行不合法的婚姻；

（5）允許，容讓，開設妓院，到妓院遊樂；

（6）以錯誤的獨身誓願來綑綁自己，不合理延遲結婚；同時擁有多妻或多夫；不義的離婚或遺棄配偶；

（7）懶惰，貪食，醉酒，與不貞潔的人為伍；唱淫亂歌曲，看黃色書刊，色情圖片，舞蹈與戲劇；以及一切刺激我們自己或他人的，煽情或不潔的行為。

Answer: The sins forbidden in the seventh commandment, besides the neglect of the duties required, are, adultery, fornication, rape, incest, sodomy, and all unnatural lusts; all unclean imaginations, thoughts, purposes, and affections;all corrupt or filthy communications, or listening thereunto; wanton looks, impudent or light behavior, immodest apparel; prohibiting of lawful, and dispensing with unlawful marriages; allowing, tolerating, keeping of stews, and resorting to them; entangling vows of single life, undue delay of marriage; having more wives or husbands than one at the same time; unjust divorce, or desertion; idleness, gluttony, drunkenness, unchaste company; lascivious songs, books, pictures, dancings, stage plays; and all other provocations to, or acts of uncleanness, either in ourselves or others.

問140：第八誡命是什麼？

Question 140: Which is the eighth commandment?

答：第八誡命是「不可偷盜」。

Answer: The eighth commandment is, Thou shalt not steal.

問141：第八誡命所要求的責任是什麼？

Question 141: What are the duties required in the eighth commandment?

答：第八誡命所要求的責任是：

（1）人與人之間的契約與交易，必須是真實，誠信，正義；

（2）凡人所當得的，就給他；非法佔用他人物品，必須償還原主；

（3）根據我們自己的能力，與他人的必需，來慷慨的給予和借貸；

（4）我們對於世上財物的判斷，願望與情感，必須看的合乎中道；

（5）對於養生所必須且便利的事物，我們要按照自己的情況，審慎考慮與研究，來獲得，持守，使用，處理這些事物；生活要節儉；

（6）從事合法的職業呼召，勤勉工作；避免非必要的法律訴訟，為人擔保，或其他類似承諾；

（7）盡力以一切正當與合法方式，來獲得，保存，增進自己與他人的財富與外在產業。

Answer: The duties required in the eighth commandment are, truth, faithfulness, and justice in contracts and commerce between man and man; rendering to everyone his due; restitution of goods unlawfully detained from the right owners thereof; giving and lending freely, according to our abilities, and the necessities of others; moderation of our judgments, wills, and affections concerning worldly goods; a provident care and study to get, keep, use, and dispose these things which are necessary and convenient for the sustentation of our nature, and suitable to our condition; a lawful calling, and diligence in it; frugality; avoiding unnecessary lawsuits and suretyship, or other like engagements; and an endeavor, by all just and lawful means, to procure, preserve, and further the wealth and outward estate of others, as well as our own.

問142: 第八誡命所禁止的罪有哪些 ?

Question 142: What are the sins forbidden in the eighth commandment?

答: 第八誡命所禁止的罪, 除了所要求的責任之外, 還有:

(1)       偷竊搶奪, 搶人口的, 收取贓物;

(2)       詐欺行為, 虛假的天平與法碼, 挪移地界;

(3)       與人訂約或受人之託時, 不公義, 不信實;

(4)       壓榨, 剝削, 高利貸, 賄賂, 誣告纏訟, 非法圍地與侵占房產, 壟斷貨品抬高物價;

(5)       從事非法職業, 以及一切用不義犯罪方式, 來奪取扣留他人的物品, 或是圖利自己;

Answer: The sins forbidden in the eighth commandment, besides the neglect of the duties required, are, theft, robbery, man_stealing, and receiving anything that is stolen; fraudulent dealing, false weights and measures, removing land marks, injustice and unfaithfulness in contracts between man and man, or in matters of trust; oppression, extortion, usury, bribery, vexatious lawsuits, unjust enclosures and depopulations; engrossing commodities to enhance the price; unlawful callings, and all other unjust or sinful ways of taking or withholding from our neighbor: What belongs to him, or of enriching ourselves; covetousness; inordinate prizing and affecting worldly goods; distrustful and distracting cares and studies in getting, keeping, and using them; envying at the prosperity of others; as likewise idleness, prodigality, wasteful gaming; and all other ways whereby we do unduly prejudice our own outward estate, and defrauding ourselves of the due use and comfort of that estate which God has given us.

問143: 第九誡命是什麼?

Question 143: Which is the ninth commandment?

答: 第九誡命是「不可作假見證陷害人」。

Answer: The ninth commandment is, Thou shalt not bear false witness against thy neighbor.

問144: 第九誡命所要求的責任是什麼?

Question 144: What are the duties required in the ninth commandment?

答: 第九誡命所要求的責任是:

(1)保守與增進人與人之間的誠實, 鄰舍與我們自己的名譽;

Answer: The duties required in the ninth commandment are, the preserving and promoting of truth between man and man, and the good name of our neighbor, as well as our own;

(2)為事實真相挺身而出; 在審判與公義的事情上, 從心裡說誠實話, 毫無保留, 清楚完整講明真相, 所講的全是實情; 在其他事情也是如此;

appearing and standing for the truth; and from the heart, sincerely, freely, clearly, and fully, speaking the truth, and only the truth, in matters of judgment and justice, and in all other things:

(3)以愛心尊重我們的鄰舍; 關愛且樂意維護他們的名譽, 為之歡喜快樂; 為他們的弱點感到難過, 並且遮掩之; 直接承認他們的恩賜與美德, 護衛他們的無辜清白; 樂意接受別人稱讚他們的優點, 不願接受別人對他們的抹黑;

Whatsoever; a charitable esteem of our neighbors; loving, desiring, and rejoicing in their good name; sorrowing for, and covering of their infirmities; freely acknowledging of their gifts and graces, defending their innocency; a ready receiving of a good report, and unwillingness to admit of an evil report, concerning them;

(4)制止傳舌者, 諂媚者, 毀謗者; 愛護珍惜我們自己的名譽; 在需要之時為自己辯護;

discouraging talebearers, flatterers, and slanderers; love and care of our own good name, and defending it when need requires;

(5)守住合法的承諾; 考察遵行一切真實的, 可敬的, 可愛的, 有美名的事。

keeping of lawful promises; studying and practicing of: Whatsoever things are true, honest, lovely, and of good report.

問145: 第九誡命所禁止的罪是哪些?

Question 145: What are the sins forbidden in the ninth commandment?

答: 第九誡命所禁止的罪是:

(1)以偏見遮掩實情，傷害我們鄰舍或自己的美名，特別是在公共法庭審判時；

Answer: The sins forbidden in the ninth commandment are, all prejudicing the truth, and the good name of our neighbors, as well as our own, especially in public judicature;

(2)作假見證，教唆人作偽證，巧言令色心懷詭詐，罔顧實情，壓抑真相；

giving false evidence, suborning false witnesses, wittingly appearing and pleading for an evil cause, outfacing and overbearing the truth;

(3)通過不公義的判決，稱惡為善，稱善為惡；將義人當得的給於惡人，將惡人當得的給於義人；

passing unjust sentence, calling evil good, and good evil; rewarding the wicked according to the work of the righteous, and the righteous according to the work of the wicked;

(4)造假，隱瞞事實真相，在當說話時閉口不言；當面臨罪惡，我們應當親自指責或告知他人冤情時，卻保持緘默；在不當場合或懷著惡意說出真話，或扭曲其意義，或以語意 含糊、模稜兩可的表白，導致傷害事實、曲枉正直；

forgery, concealing the truth, undue silence in a just cause, and holding our peace when iniquity calls for either a reproof from ourselves, or complaint to others; speaking the truth unseasonably, or maliciously to a wrong end, or perverting it to a wrong meaning, or in doubtful and equivocal expressions, to the prejudice of truth or justice;

(5)所說不真、說謊、毀謗、背後說人、打岔、搬弄是非、讒譭的、戲弄、辱罵、輕率論斷、急促論說、偏袒責難。speaking untruth, lying, slandering, backbiting, detracting, tale bearing, whispering, scoffing, reviling, rash, harsh, and partial censuring; misconstructing intentions, words, and actions; flattering, vainglorious boasting, thinking or speaking too highly or too meanly of ourselves or others;

(6)曲解別人的動機、話語、行動；阿諛諂媚，虛榮自誇；在思想與言語上，過分高抬或貶低自己與他人；否認神所賜的恩賜與美德；

(7)對人的錯誤，過度宣染；本該坦白承認的罪惡，卻遮掩、辯解、蓄意輕忽；沒有必要的揭人短處；散布謠言；聽信並鼓勵邪惡謊言，掩耳不聽正義的辯護；denying the gifts and graces of God; aggravating smaller faults;hiding, excusing, or extenuating of sins, when called to a free confession;unnecessary discovering of infirmities; raising false rumors, receiving and countenancing evil reports, and stopping our ears against just defense;

(8)惡意起疑；忌妒或討厭人所當得的尊榮，圖謀或希望損害別人的尊榮，當他人蒙羞受辱時，幸災樂禍；evil suspicion; envying or grieving at the deserved credit of any, endeavoring or desiring to impair it, rejoicing in their disgrace and infamy;

(9)輕蔑嘲弄，諂媚取寵；背約，違背合法的承諾；

scornful contempt, fond admiration; breach of lawful promises;

(10)有關有好名聲之事，漫不經心，對於導致壞名聲之事，卻照著去行，或不加以迴避，或不盡力阻止別人去作。

neglecting such things as are of good report, and practicing, or not avoiding ourselves, or not hindering: What we can in others, such things as procure an ill name.

問146: 第十誡命是什麼?

Question 146: Which is the tenth commandment?

答: 第十誡命是「不可貪戀人的房屋，也不可貪戀人的妻子、僕婢、並他一切所有的」。

Answer: The tenth commandment is, Thou shalt not covet thy neighbor’s house, thou shalt not covet thy neighbor’s wife, nor his manservant, nor his maidservant, nor his ox, nor his ass, nor any thing that is thy neighbor’s.

Question 147: What are the duties required in the tenth commandment?

問147: 第十誡命所要求的責任是哪些?

答: 第十誡命所要求的責任是: 對自己的情況感到全然知足，對我們的鄰舍存心全然仁愛，以致我們對待鄰舍的一切動機與情感，都是照顧並促進他的益處。

Answer: The duties required in the tenth commandment are, such a full contentment with our own condition, and such a charitable frame of the whole soul toward our neighbor, as that all our inward motions and affections touching him, tend unto, and further all that good which is his.

問148: 第十誡命禁止的罪是哪些?

Question 148: What are the sins forbidden in the tenth commandment?

答: 第十誡命禁止的罪是: 對我們自己所擁有的產業不知足，忌妒怨恨我們鄰居的好處，以及對於人家所有的一切非分之想。

Answer: The sins forbidden in the tenth commandment are, discontentment with our own estate; envying and grieving at the good of our neighbor, together with all inordinate motions and affections to anything that is his.

問149: 是否有任何人能完全遵守神的誡命?

Question 149: Is any man able perfectly to keep the commandments of God?

答: 不論是靠自己或藉著在今生所領受的恩典，沒有人能完全遵守神的誡命。反而是每天在思想、言語、行為上違背神的誡命

Answer: No man is able, either of himself, or by any grace received in this life, perfectly to keep the commandments of God; but does daily break them in thought, word, and deed.

問150: 所有違背神律法的過犯，就其本身而言，在神眼中，是否都是同樣邪惡可憎?

Question 150: Are all transgressions of the law of God equally heinous in themselves, and in the sight of God?

答: 所有違背神律法的過犯不都是同樣邪惡可憎；然而有些罪就其本身而言，並且由於某些情節加重，所以在神眼中，比其他罪更加邪惡可憎。

Answer: All transgressions of the law of God are not equally heinous; but some sins in themselves, and by reason of several aggravations, are more heinous in the sight of God than others.