41. 聖靈的洗禮 The Baptism of the Holy Spirit
作者: 史鮑爾
(R.C. Sproul) 譯者: 姚錦榮
摘自《神學入門》《Essential
Truths of the Christian Faith》P109 ,更新傳道會出版http://www.crmnj.org/
「你受過聖靈的洗（靈洗）沒有？」今天的基督徒常被人如此問及，而這問題多半是由靈恩運動的基督徒提出的，他們都是很熱衷於追求聖靈裹經驗的人。
有關聖靈的洗禮之教義，以往主要是局限在五旬節派和神召會中討論，但如今已變成很多信徒都關心的教義。新五旬節派運動幾乎影響到每一個宗派。這種對聖靈同在及其能力的新經驗，往往給教會帶來奮興與靈性的更新。
但因為新五旬節派嘗試著根據人的經驗，重新界定靈洗的教義，因此這教義也在今天引起廣泛的爭辯。
一般來說（但不是經常如此），靈恩運動中的基督徒視靈洗為重生及悔改之後神恩典的第二次作為，他們視這聖靈的作為是給所有基督徒的，但不是所有基督徒都實際得著它。然而即使在靈恩運動本身中，說方言是否真不可缺，或是否應當算作是「洗禮」不可或缺的記號，這一點大家看法也頗為分歧。
五旬節派引用使徒行傳中信徒如何被聖靈充滿和說方言為例，他們顯然在五旬節之前已被聖靈重生了。但由於他們的悔改歸主與靈洗之間有一段時間的差距，因此這些聖經中的榜樣便被他們視為是歷代信徒的典範。
五旬節派看出聖靈的重生和聖靈的洗禮有區別，這點是正確的。重生是指聖靈賜給信徒新的生命--------使死在罪中者活過來；靈洗則是神把事奉的能力賜給衪的子民。
雖然聖靈的重生和聖靈的洗禮是有區別的，但堅持在以後的歷史中，這兩種經歷都必須有時間之隔，則是不對的。從使徒時代以來，基督徒的正常經歷，是在重生時便能獲得聖靈的能力，信徒不必在悔改歸主後，継續尋求聖靈第二次的作為。每個基督徒或多或少都是被聖靈充滿的，這全視乎他要向聖靈順服多少而定。
五旬節派教義的另一個問題，是它對五旬節意義的解釋不完全。五旬節是新約歷史的分水嶺，在舊約聖經中，只有少數被揀選的信徒能從聖靈得著事奉的恩賜（見民11章），但這模式在五旬節時改變了，在五旬節當日，所有在場的信徒（全都是猶太人）都領受了聖靈的洗。同樣地，後來聖靈又澆灌，使撒瑪利亞信徒（徒8章）、哥尼流家中的信徒（徒10章），以及那些住在以弗所跟隨施洗約翰的外邦門徒（徒19章），也全都領受了聖靈的洗禮。
早期信徒都認為撒瑪利亞信徒、敬畏神的人，和跟隨施洗約翰的外邦門徒等，並不是基督徒，因此，靈洗是確認這些人屬於教會的一種方式。因為這些群體中的人，都與五旬節的猶太人經歷了一樣的靈洗，所以不可否認他們也是教會中的一份子。彼得親自經歷過這事，當他看見聖靈降在哥尼流家中那些敬畏神的外邦人身上時，便結論說，這些人無疑地確確實實應成為教會中的一份子。他說：「這些人既受了聖靈，與我們一樣，誰能禁止用水給他們施洗呢？」（徒10：47)
五旬節以後的靈洗事件，應被視為五旬節的延伸，為要讓整個基督的身體得著事奉的恩賜。在新約教會中，並不是每個信徒都說方言，但每個基督徒都會得到聖靈的恩賜，先知約珥的預言此時應驗了（徒2：16-21）。
總結
1.
聖靈的洗禮是聖靈特別的作為，讓每個信徒均能領受事奉的恩賜。
2.
在使徒行傳中，聖靈澆灌在四個群體的人身上（猶太人、撒瑪利亞人、敬畏神的人和外邦人），以此顯明他們的確屬於新約的教會。
3.
五旬節應驗了舊約的預言，就是聖靈會澆灌在所有信徒的身上，而不單是在少數人身上。
思考經文：
珥2：28-29；約7：37-39；徒2：1-11；林前12章；林前14：26-33
41.
The Baptism of the Holy Spirit
"
Have you received the baptism of the Holy Spirit ? " A person in our day
who becomes a Christian will sooner or later be asked this question. The
question is frequently posed by charismatic Christians who are enthusiastic
about their experiences with the Holy Spirit.
A
doctrine that was once largely confined to Pentecosstal and Assembly of God
churches has now become of central importance to a vast number of believers.
The Neo-Pentecostal movement has reached into nearly every Christian
denomination. A sense of excitement and spiritual renewal usually accompanies
this fresh discovery of the presence and the power of the Holy Spirit in the
church.
Neo-Pentecostalism
has sought to define a doctrine of the baptism of the Holy Spirit based on
people's experiences. The doctrine has been widely controversial.
Usually,
but not always, the charismatic Christian considers the baptism of the Holy
Spirit as a second work of grace, distinct from and subsequent to regeneration
and conversion. It is a work of the Holy Spirit that is available to all
Christians but not appropriated by all. Charismatics are divided among
themselves on the issue of whether speaking in tongues is a necessary sign or
manifestation of the " baptism"
Pentecostals
point to the pattern in the book of Acts where believers ( who obviously had
the regenerating work of the Spirit prior to Pentecost) were filled by the Holy
Spirit and spoke in tongues. This biblical pattern, which includes a time gap
between conversion and baptism of the Spirit, is then seen as normative for all
ages.
Pentecostals
are correct in seeing a distinction between regeneration by Holy Spirit and the
baptism of the Holy Spirit. Regeneration refers to the Holy Spirit giving new
life to the believer----------making alive one who was dead in sin. The baptism
of the Holy Spirit refers to God empowering His people for ministry.
While
the distinction between regeneration and the baptism of the Holy Spirit is
legitimate, making a time gap between the two normative for all subsequent ages
is invalid. The normal pattern since the time of the apostles had been that
Christians receive the empowering of the Holy Spirit along with regenration. It
is not necessary for believers to seek a specific second work of Spirit baptism
following conversion. Every Christin is Spirit -filled to a greater or lesser
degree, depending on the amount of yielding to the Spirit.
Another
problem with the Pentecostal doctrine is that it has inadequate view of
Pentecost. Pentecost marks a watershed moment in New Testament history. In the
Old Testament, only a select few believers were endowed by God with gifts for
ministry ( see Numbers 11). That pattern changed at Pentecost. At pentecost all
the believers present ( all of whom were Jews) received the baptism. Likewise,
in subsequent outpourings, the Samaritan converts ( Acts8), the believers at
Cornelius' s household ( Acts10 ), and the Gentile disciples of John living in
Ephesus (Acts19) all received the baptism of the spirit.
The
first believers did not think that the Samaritans, the God-fearers, and the
Gentil disciples of John could be Christians. So the baptism of the Holy Spirit
served as confirmation of their membership in the church. Since each of tnese
group experienced the baptism of the Holy Spirit in the same way that the Jews
had at Pentecost, their inclusion in the church could not be denied. Peter
himself experienced this firsthand. When Peter saw the Holy Spirit come on the
God-fearing Gentiles at cornelius's house, he concluded that there was nothing
to keep them from full membership in the church. Peter said: " Can anyone
forbid water, that these should not be baptized who have received the Holy
Spirit just as we have? " ( Acts 10:47).
The
subsequent of Holy Spirit baptism beyond the day of Pentecost should be
understood as an extension of Pentecost by which the whole body of Chrit not
every believer spoke in tongues, but every Christian was gifted by Holy Spirit.
The prophecy of Joel was thus fulfilled( Acts 2:16-21).
Summary:
1.
The baptism of the Holy Spirit is a distinct work in which the Spirit
endows
believers with gifts for ministry.
2.
In Acts, the Holy Spirit is poured out on four groups (Jews,
Samaritans,
God-fearers, and Gentiles), indicating they all are included
in
the New Covenant church.
3.
Pentecost fulfills the Old Testament prophecy that the Spirit would be
poured
out on all believers and not restricted to a few.
Biblical
passages for reflection:
Joel
2:28-29
John
7:37-39
Acts
2:1-11
1
Corinthians 12
1
Corinthians 14:26-33
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