泥巴: 海德堡教理问答

《海德堡教理问答》是改革宗信仰中著名的信条之一。它以两个热诚和满有安慰的问答作导言，然后按照《罗马书》的秩序而分为三个部分。第一部分是论人的愁苦(第三至十一问，参罗1:18至3:20)；第二部是论人的拯救(第十二至八十五问，参罗3:21至11:36)，包括《使徒信经》中各信条以及圣礼的解释。第三部是论感恩的生活(第八十六至一二九问，参罗12至16)，包括对十诫和主祷文的解释。以上三个部分的划分，乃是依照灵性生活的自然进展即悔改、信仰和爱心而分的。改革宗教会通常在每一个主日下午或晚上根据《海德堡教理问答》的内容来讲道，因此该教理问答又按每年的五十二个主日划分。每一个问答都加上经文参考，便于读者查考圣经。《海德堡教理问答》并不是顺应世界新潮流的新教导，乃是源于圣经的“纯正话语的规模”（提后1：13）。在中国教会目前神学混乱，异端横行，教牧荒凉的时期，惟愿这一已经有四百多年历史，造就了无数圣徒的教理问答，能够使中国的圣徒“在所信的道上恒心，根据稳固，坚定不移”（西1：23）。正如改革宗神学家巴文克所言：“当错谬与异端愈来愈狡猾的时候，教会就要更加紧迫地留心所承认的真理，并且确切地陈明她的信经。”（巴文克《基督教神学》，第八章“圣经与公认信条”）

主日1

LORD’S DAY 1

一问：你无论是生是死，唯一的安慰是什么？

1. What is thy only comfort in life and in death?

回答：我无论是生是死，身体灵魂（1）皆非己有（2），而是属于我信实的救主耶稣基督（3）。他用宝血完全补偿了我一切的罪债（4），并且救我脱离了魔鬼的一切的权势（5）；因此，他保守我（6），若非天父允许，我的头发一根也不会掉下（7）；他叫万事互相效力，使我得救（8）。故此，他藉圣灵也使我有永生的确信（9），并且使我从此以后甘心乐意地为他而活（10）。

(1) 罗14:7-9

(2) 林前6:19-20

(3) 林前3:23；多2:14

(4) 彼前1:18-19；约壹1:7-9；2:2

(5) 约8:34-36；来2:14-15；约壹3:1-11

(6) 约6:39-40；10:27-30；帖后3:3；彼前1:5

(7) 太10:29-31；路21:16-18

(8) 罗8:28

(9) 罗8:15-16；林后1:21-22；弗1:13-14

(10)罗7:22；8:14

That I, with body and soul, both in life and in death, am not my own, but belong to my faithful Savior Jesus Christ, who with His precious blood has fully satisfied for all my sins, and redeemed me from all the power of the devil; and so preserves me, that without the will of my Father in heaven not a hair can fall from my head; yea, that all things must work together for my salvation. Wherefore, by His Holy Spirit, He also assures me of eternal life, and makes me heartily willing and ready henceforth to live unto Him.

二问：你无论是生是死，要享有这种安慰，有多少事情必须知道呢？

2. How many things are necessary for thee to know, that thou in this comfort mayest live and die happily?

回答：有三件事：第一，我的罪恶和愁苦有多大（1）；第二，我当怎样从自己一切罪恶和愁苦中得拯救（2）；第三，我当怎样为这样的拯救感谢上帝（3）。

(1) 罗3:9-10；约壹1:10

(2) 约17:3；徒4:12；10:43

(3) 太5:16；罗6:13；弗5:8-10；提后2:15；彼前2:9-10

Three things: first, the greatness of my sin and misery. Second, how I am redeemed from all my sins and misery. Third, how I am to be thankful to God for such redemption.

第一部分 论人的愁苦

First Part: Of Man’s Misery

主日2

LORD’S DAY 2

三问：你从何处知道你的愁苦呢？

3. Whence knowest thou thy misery?

回答：从上帝的律法（1）。

(1) 罗3:20

Out of the Law of God.

四问：上帝的律法对我们有什么要求？

4. What does the Law of God require of us?

回答：基督在《马太福音》二十二章三十七节至四十节中总括地教训了我们：你要尽心、尽性、尽意、尽力爱主你的上帝（1）。这是诫命中的第一，且是最大的；其次也相仿，就是要爱人如己（2）。这两条诫命，是律法和先知一切道理的总纲。

(1) 申6:5

(2) 利19:18

Christ teaches us in sum, Matthew 22:37–40, “Thou shalt love the Lord, thy God with all thy heart, and with all thy soul, and with all thy mind, and with all thy strength. This is the first and great commandment; and the second is like unto it: Thou shalt love thy neighbor as thyself. On these two commandments hang all the law and the prophets.”

五问：你能全守这些诫命吗？

5. Canst thou keep all this perfectly?

回答：不能（1）。因为我的本性是倾向于憎恨上帝和邻舍的（2）。

(1) 罗3:9-20

(2) 创6:5；耶17:9；罗7:23-24；8:7；弗2:1-3；多3:3

No: for I am by nature prone to hate God and my neighbor.

主日3

LORD’S DAY 3

六问：上帝造人原本就是如此邪恶悖逆吗？

6. Did God create man thus wicked and perverse?

回答：绝不。上帝造人原本是好的（1），且是按照他自己的形像造的（2），有真理的仁义和圣洁（3）；目的是要叫他正确地认识他的创造者上帝（4），诚心爱他，与他同住在永福之中，赞美荣耀他（5）。

(1) 创1:31

(2) 创1:26-27

(3) 弗4:24

(4)西3:10

(5) 诗8

No, but God created man good, and after His own image, that is, in righteousness and true holiness; that he might rightly know God his Creator, heartily love Him, and live with Him in eternal blessedness, to praise and glorify Him.

七问：那么，这种败坏的人性是从何而来的呢？

7. Whence then comes this depraved nature of man?

回答：是从始祖亚当夏娃在乐园中堕落悖逆而来（1），因此我们的本性变得极其败坏（2），以致我们都是在罪里成孕出生的（3）。

(1) 创3

(2) 罗5:12，18-19

(3) 诗51:5

From the fall and disobedience of our first parents, Adam and Eve, in Paradise, whereby our nature became so corrupt, that we are all conceived and born in sin.

八问：是否我们都是极其败坏，完全无法行任何善，并倾向于各样罪恶呢？

8. But are we so depraved, that we are wholly unapt to any good and prone to all evil?

回答：是的（1）。除非我们由上帝的灵重生（2）。

(1) 创6:5；8:21；伯14:4；赛53:6

(2) 约3:3-5

Yes; unless we are born again by the Spirit of God.

主日4

LORD’S DAY 4

九问：那么，上帝在律法中要求人行他所不能行的，岂非冤屈人吗？

9. Does not God then wrong man, by requiring of him in His law that which he cannot perform?

回答：绝不。因为上帝造人，叫他本来有能力遵行律法（1）；但人因魔鬼的试探（2），自甘悖逆（3），使自己及其后裔的这种能力丧失了（4）。

(1) 创1:31；弗4:24

(2) 创3:13；约8:44

(3) 创3:6

(4) 罗5:12，18-19

No: for God so made man, that he could perform it; but man, through the instigation of the devil, by wilful disobedience deprived himself and all his posterity of this power.

十问：上帝是否放任这种悖逆或背信，使之不受刑罚呢？

10. Will God suffer such disobedience and apostasy to go unpunished?

回答：绝不。他极其憎恶我们的原罪和本罪（1），并要在今生和永世用公义的审判刑罚罪恶（2），正如他已宣告说：“凡不时常遵守律法书上所写的，都是被咒诅的”（3）。

(1) 诗5:5

(2) 罗1:18；申28:15；来9:27

(3) 申27:26；加3:10

By no means; but He is terribly displeased with our inborn as well as our actual sins, and will punish them in just judgment in time and eternity, as he has declared: Cursed is everyone that continueth not in all things which are written in the book of the law, to do them (Deut. 27:26).

十一问：上帝不也是慈爱的吗？

11. Is then God not merciful?

回答：上帝固然是慈爱的（1），但他也是公义的（2）；因此，他的公义要求干犯至高上帝之威严的罪恶，必须处以极刑，就是身体和灵魂一同受到永远的刑罚（3）。

(1) 出20:6；34:6，7；诗103:8，9

(2) 出20:5；34:7；申7:9-11；诗5:4-6；来10:30，31

(3) 太25:45，46

God is indeed merciful, but He is likewise just; wherefore His justice requires that sin, which is committed against the most high majesty of God, be also punished with extreme, that is, with everlasting punishment both of body and soul.

第二部分 论人的得救

Second Part: Of Man’s Redemption

主日5

LORD’S DAY 5

十二问：既然根据上帝公义的审判，我们当受今生和永世的刑罚，那么，是否有逃避这刑罚，再次得蒙上帝恩宠的方法呢？

12. Since then, by the righteous judgment of God, we deserve temporal and eternal punishment, what is required that we may escape this punishment and be again received into favor?

回答：按照上帝的旨意，他的公义必须得到满足（1）；因此，我们必须完全满足他的公义，若不是由我们自己补偿，便得由别人来替代（2）。

(1) 出20:5；23:7；罗2:1-11

(2) 赛53:11；罗8:3，4

God wills that His justice be satisfied, therefore we must make full satisfaction to the same, either by ourselves or by another.

十三问：我们自己能够做到吗？

13. Can we ourselves make this satisfaction?

回答：绝对不能（1）；我们反而天天加增罪愆（2）。

(1) 伯9：2－3；15：14－16

(2) 诗130:3；太6:12；罗2:4，5

By no means: on the contrary, we daily increase our guilt.

十四问：在受造者中有能为我们做到的吗？

14. Can any mere creature make satisfaction for us?

回答：没有。首先，上帝不会因人自己所犯的罪而刑罚其他任何受造者（1）；其次，仅是受造者不能担当上帝对罪恶所发出的永远愤怒的重负，从而使他人得到拯救（2）。

(1) 结18:4，20；来2:14-18

(2) 诗130:3；鸿1:6

None: for first, God will not punish, in any other creature, that of which man has made himself guilty; and further, no mere creature can sustain the burden of God’s eternal wrath against sin, and redeem others therefrom.

十五问：那么，我们必须寻求一位怎样的中保和救主呢？

15. What manner of mediator and redeemer then must we seek?

回答：一位真实（1）而无罪（2）的人，但却比一切受造者都更有能力，同时也是真神的（3）。

(1) 林前15:21；来2:17

(2) 赛53:9；林后5:21；来7:26

(3) 赛7:14；9:6；耶23:5；约1:1；罗8:3，415.

One who is a true and sinless man, and yet more powerful than all creatures, that is, one who is at the same time true God.

主日6

LORD’S DAY 6

十六问：他为何必须是真实而无罪的人呢？

16. Why must He be a true and sinless man?

回答：他必须是一位真实的人，因为上帝的公义要求那犯了罪的人本身应当为罪补偿（1）；他必须是一位无罪的人，因为本身就是罪人的人无法为他人作出补偿（2）。

(1) 罗5:12，15；林前15:21；来2:14-16

(2) 来7:26，27；彼前3:18

Because the justice of God requires, that the same human nature which has sinned should make satisfaction for sin; but no man, being himself a sinner, could satisfy for others.

十七问：他为何必须同时又是真神呢？

17. Why must He be at the same time true God?

回答：他必须是真神，如此才能藉着他神性的大能（1），在其人性中承担上帝愤怒的重负（2），为我们获得并恢复公义和生命（3）。

(1) 赛9:5

(2) 申4:24；鸿1:6；诗130:3

(3) 赛53:5，11；约3:16；林后5:21

That by the power of His Godhead He might bear in His manhood the burden of God’s wrath and so obtain for and restore to us righteousness and life.

十八问：那么，谁是那位中保，既是真神又是真实而无罪的人呢？

18. But who now is that Mediator, who is at the same time true God and a true, sinless man?

回答：就是我们的主耶稣基督（1）；上帝使他成为我们的智慧、公义、圣洁和救赎（2）。

(1) 太1:22-23；路2:11；提前2:5；3:16

(2) 林前1:30

Our Lord Jesus Christ, who is freely given unto us for complete redemption and righteousness.

十九问：你从哪里知道这事呢？

19. Whence knowest thou this?

回答：从神圣的福音。这福音是上帝自己首先在乐园里启示的（1），以后由族长（2）和先知（3）予以宣布，并由律法中的献祭和其他礼仪预表（4），最后由他的独生爱子成就了（5）。

(1) 创3:15

(2) 创12:3；22:18；49:10

(3) 赛53；耶23:5，6；弥7:18-20；徒10:43；来1:1

(4) 利1:7；约5:46；来10:1-10

(5) 罗10:4；加4:4，5；西2:17

From the Holy Gospel: which God Himself first revealed in Paradise; afterwards proclaimed by the holy Patriarchs and Prophets, and foreshadowed by the sacrifices and other ceremonies of the law; and finally fulfilled by His well-beloved Son.

主日7

LORD’S DAY 7

二十问：因着亚当，众人都灭亡了，是否因着基督，众人就都得救呢？

20. Are all men then saved by Christ, as they have perished in Adam?

回答：不；只有那些藉着真信心连于基督，并接受他一切恩惠的人才能得救（1）。

(1) 太7:14；约1:12；3:16，18，36；罗11:16-21

No; only such as by true faith are ingrafted into Him, and receive all His benefits.

二十一问：什么是真信心？

21. What is true faith?

回答：真信心不仅是一种确实的知识，藉此我认定上帝在圣经中向我们所启示的一切皆为真理（1）；也是一种坚定的信靠（2），是由圣灵通过福音在我里面做成的工作（3）；使我确信，唯独出于上帝的恩典，唯独因基督的功德（4），就白白地将赦罪及永远的公义和拯救（5），不仅赐给别人，也赐给了我（6）。

(1) 约17:3，17；来11:1-3；雅2:19

(2) 罗4:18-21；5:1；10:10；来4:16

(3) 徒16:14；罗1:16；10:17；林前1:21

(4) 罗3:20-26；加2:16；弗2:8-10

(5) 罗1:17；来10:10

(6) 加2:20

It is not only a certain knowledge, whereby I hold for truth all that God has revealed to us in His Word; but also a hearty trust, which the Holy Ghost works in me by the Gospel, that not only to others, but to me also, forgiveness of sins, everlasting righteousness and salvation, are freely given by God, merely of grace, for the sake of Christ’s merits.

二十二问：什么是基督徒所必须相信的？

22. What is then necessary for a Christian to believe?

回答：就是在福音里所应许我们的一切（1），也就是我们基督教不容置疑的大公信条中简略地教训我们的。

(1) 太28:19；约20:30，31

All that is promised us in the Gospel, which the articles of our catholic, undoubted Christian faith teach us in sum.

二十三问：这些信条是什么？

23. What are these Articles?

回答：

我信上帝，全能的父，创造天地的主。

我信我主耶稣基督，上帝的独生子；因圣灵感孕，由童贞女马利亚所生；在本丢彼拉多手下受难，被钉于十字架，受死，埋葬；降在阴间；第三天从死人中复活；升天，坐在全能父上帝的右边；将来必从那里降临，审判活人死人。

我信圣灵；我信圣而公之教会；我信圣徒相通；我信罪得赦免；我信身体复活；我信永生。阿们。

I believe in God the Father Almighty, Maker of heaven and earth.

And in Jesus Christ, His only begotten Son, our Lord: who was conceived by the Holy Ghost, born of the virgin Mary; suffered under Pontius Pilate, was crucified, dead and buried; He descended into hell; the third day He rose from the dead; He ascended into heaven, and sitteth at the right hand of God the Father Almighty; from thence He shall come to judge the quick and the dead.

I believe in the Holy Ghost; the holy catholic Church; the communion of saints; the forgiveness of sins; the resurrection of the body, and the life everlasting.

主日8

LORD’S DAY 8

二十四问：怎样划分这些信条呢？

24. How are these articles divided?

回答：划分为三部分：第一部分论圣父上帝和我们的受造；第二部分论圣子上帝和我们的救赎；第三部分论圣灵上帝和我们的成圣。

Into three parts: the first is of God the Father, and our creation; the second, of God the Son, and our redemption; the third, of God the Holy Ghost, and our sanctification.

二十五问：上帝既然是独一的（1），你为何说有圣父、圣子、圣灵三位呢？

25. Since there is but one Divine Being, why speakest thou of three, Father, Son and Holy Ghost?

回答：因为上帝在圣经中是这样启示他自己的（2），这三个不同的位格乃是独一、真实、永恒的上帝。

(1) 申6:4；赛44:6；45:5；林前8:4，6

(2) 创 1:2，3；赛61:1；63:8-10；太3:16，17；28:18，19；路4:18；约14:26；15:26；林后13:14；加4:6；多3:5，6

Because God has so revealed Himself in His Word, that these three distinct Persons are the one, true, eternal God.

论圣父上帝

主日9

LORD’S DAY 9

二十六问：当你说“我信上帝，全能的父，创造天地的主”，你相信的是什么呢？

26. What dost thou believe when thou sayest: I believe in God the Father Almighty, Maker of heaven and earth?

回答：我相信我们主耶稣基督的永恒之父，从无中创造天地（1），以及其中的一切，又用他永恒的预旨和护理托住并治理它们（2），他因他儿子基督的缘故，作我的上帝和天父（3）。我相信他必供给我身体和灵魂一切的需要（4），对此我毫无怀疑；此外，在这流泪谷，凡他所降在我身上的灾难，都会变为对我有益的（5）；因为他既是无所不能的上帝（6），便能如此行，并且他既是一位信实的天父，也愿意如此行（7）。

(1) 创1-2；出20:11；伯38-39；诗33:6；赛44:24；徒4:24；14:15

(2) 诗104:27-30；太6:30；10:29；弗1:11

(3) 约1:12，13；罗8:15，16；加4:4-7；弗1:5

(4) 诗55:22；太6:25，26；路12:22-31

(5) 罗8:28

(6) 创18:14；罗8:31-39

(7) 太6:32，33；7:9-11

That the eternal Father of our Lord Jesus Christ, who of nothing made heaven and earth, with all that in them is, who likewise upholds and governs the same by His eternal counsel and providence, is for the sake of Christ His Son my God and my Father; in whom I so trust, as to have no doubt that He will provide me with all things necessary for body and soul; and further, that whatever evil He sends upon me in this vale of tears He will turn to my good; for He is able to do it, being Almighty God, and willing also, being a faithful Father.

主日10

LORD’S DAY 10

二十七问：你所了解的上帝的护理是什么？

27. What dost thou understand by the Providence of God?

回答：上帝用无所不能，无所不在的能力（1），犹如用他的手一样，托住天地万物（2），并且管理它们，以致一草一木，天晴下雨，丰年荒年，饮食起居，健康疾病，富足贫穷（3），一切都非偶然发生（4），而是出于上帝之手（5）。

(1) 耶23:23，24；徒17:24-28

(2) 来1:3

(3) 耶5:24；徒14:15-17；约9:3；箴22:2

(4) 箴16:33

(5) 太10:29

The almighty everywhere present power of God, whereby, as it were by His hand, He still upholds heaven and earth, with all creatures; and so governs them, that herbs and grass, rain and drought, fruitful and barren years, meat and drink, health and sickness, riches and poverty, yea, all things, come not by chance, but by His fatherly hand.

二十八问：我们知道上帝创造万有，并一直藉着护理之工维系万物，有什么益处呢？

28. What does it profit us to know that God has created, and by His providence still upholds all things?

回答：我们可以在患难中忍耐（1），在顺境中感恩（2）；对于将来临到我们的一切，能坚定地信靠信实的天父上帝，任何受造物都不能使我们与他的爱隔绝（3）。因为万物都在他的手中，他若不许，它们动也不能动（4）。

(1) 伯1:21，22；诗39:10；雅1:3

(2) 申8:10；帖前5:18

(3) 诗55:22；罗5:3-5；8:38-39

(4) 伯1:12；2:6；箴21:1；徒17:24-28

That we may be patient in adversity; thankful in prosperity; and for what is future, have good confidence in our faithful God and Father, that no creature shall separate us from His love; since all creatures are so in His hand, that without His will they cannot so much as move.

论圣子上帝

主日11

LORD’S DAY 11

二十九问：上帝的儿子为何起名叫耶稣，即救主呢？

29. Why is the Son of God called Jesus, that is, Savior?

回答：因为他把我们从罪恶里拯救出来（1）；我们不当向其他任何人寻求拯救，也不能从其他任何人得着拯救（2）。

(1) 太1:21；来7:25

(2) 赛43:11；约15:4，5；徒4:11，12；提前2:5

Because He saves us from our sins; and no salvation is to be either sought or found in any other.

三十问：这样，那些向圣徒、自己、或其他地方寻求拯救和幸福的人，真是相信独一的救主耶稣吗？

30. Do such then believe in the only Savior Jesus, who seek their salvation and welfare of saints, of themselves, or anywhere else?

回答：不。虽然他们也许在言语上夸耀他，但在行为上却否认独一的救主耶稣（1）。要么耶稣不是完全的救主，要么凡用真信心接受这位救主的，就必定在他里面，找到为他们得救所必需的一切（2）。

(1) 林前1:12，13；加5:4

(2) 西1:19，20；2:10；约壹1:7

No; although they may make their boast of Him, yet in act they deny the only Savior Jesus. For either Jesus is not a complete Savior, or they who by true faith receive this Savior, must have in Him all that is necessary to their salvation.

主日12

LORD’S DAY 12

三十一问：为何他被称为基督，即受膏者呢？

31. Why is He called Christ, that is, Anointed?

回答：因为他被圣父上帝所立，又被圣灵所膏（1），作我们的大先知和教师（2），他完全向我们启示上帝关乎我们救赎奥秘的预旨（3）；他也是我们惟一的大祭司（4），一次献上他的身体，救赎了我们（5），并且永远活着，替我们向上帝不住地代求（6）；他又是我们永远的大君王（7），用他的话语和圣灵统管我们，护卫并保守我们在他为我们所买赎的救赎之乐中（8）。

(1) 诗45:7；来1:9；赛61:1；路4:18；路3:21，22

(2) 申18:15；徒3:22

(3) 约1:18；15:15

(4) 诗110:4；来7:17

(5) 来9:12；10:11-14

(6) 罗8:34；来9:24；约壹2:1

(7) 亚9:9；太21:5；路1:33

(8) 太28:18-20；约10:28；启12:10，11

Because He is ordained of God the Father, and anointed with the Holy Ghost, to be our chief Prophet and Teacher, who fully reveals to us the secret counsel and will of God concerning our redemption; and our only High Priest, who by the one sacrifice of His body has redeemed us, and ever liveth to make intercession for us with the Father; and our eternal King, who governs us by His Word and Spirit, and defends and preserves us in the redemption obtained for us.

三十二问：你为何被称为基督徒呢？

32. But why art thou called a Christian?

回答：因为我藉着信心（1）而成为基督的肢体，因此在他的恩膏上有份（2）；以致于我也可以承认他的名（3），把自己作为感恩的活祭献给他（4），又可以用自由和无亏的良心，在今生今世与罪恶和魔鬼争战（5），并且从此以后，与他一同作王，掌管万物，直到永远（6）。

（1）林前12:12-27

（2）珥2:28；徒2:17；约壹2:27

（3）太10:32；罗10:9，10；来13:15

（4）罗12:1；彼前2:5，9

（5）加5:16-17；弗6:11；提前1:18，19

（6）太25:34；提后2:12；罗5:17；启5:10

Because by faith I am a member of Christ, and thus a partaker of His anointing; in order that I also may confess His name; may present myself a living sacrifice of thankfulness to Him; and may with free conscience fight against sin and the devil in this life, and hereafter, in eternity, reign with Him over all creatures.

主日13

LORD’S DAY 13

三十三问：既然我们也是上帝的儿女，他却为何被称为上帝的独生子呢？

33. Why is He called God’s only begotten Son, since we also are the children of God?

回答：因为惟有基督是上帝永恒的、本来的儿子（1）；我们却是因他的缘故，靠着恩典，被收纳为上帝的儿女（2）。

（1）约1:1-3，14，18；3:16；罗8:32；来1；约壹4:9

（2）约1:12；罗8:14-17；加4:6；弗1:5，6

Because Christ alone is the eternal, natural Son of God; but we are the children of God by adoption through grace for His sake.

三十四问：你为何称他为我们的主呢？

34. Why callest thou Him our Lord?

回答：因为他不是用金银，乃是用他的宝血（1），从罪恶和魔鬼一切的权势下，拯救了我们的身体和灵魂（2），叫我们归于他，唯独作他自己的产业（3）。

（1）彼前1:18，19

（2）林前6:20；提前2:5，6

（3）西1:13，14；来2:14，15

Because, not with silver and gold, but with His precious blood, He has redeemed and purchased us, body and soul, from sin and from all the power of the devil, to be His own.

主日14

LORD’S DAY 14

三十五问:“因圣灵感孕，由童贞女马利亚所生”，是什么意思？

35. What is the meaning of: Conceived by the Holy Ghost, born of the virgin Mary?

回答：意即上帝永恒的儿子－他现在是并且永远是永恒的真神（1）－因圣灵的运行（2），自己取了由童贞女马利亚的血肉而来的人性（3），为要成为大卫真正的后裔（4），凡事与他的弟兄一样（5），只是没有犯罪（6）。

（1）约1:1；10:30-36；罗1:3；9:5；西1:15-17；约壹5:20

（2）路1:35

（3）太1:18-23；约1:14；加4:4；来2:14

（4）撒下7:12-16；诗132:11；太1:1；路1:32；罗1:3

（5）腓2:7；来2:17

（6）来4:15；7:26，27

That the eternal Son of God, who is and continues true and eternal God, took upon Him the very nature of man, of the flesh and blood of the virgin Mary, by the operation of the Holy Ghost; so that He also might be the true seed of David, like unto His brethren in all things, sin excepted.

三十六问：你从基督圣洁的成孕和出生得了什么恩惠呢？

36. What benefit dost thou receive from the holy conception and birth of Christ?

回答：我得的恩惠是（1）：他作了我的中保，并用他的纯全和圣洁，在上帝面前遮盖我的罪，我本是在罪中成胎的（2）。

（1）提前2:5，6；来9:13-15

（2）罗8:3，4；林后5:21；加4:4，5；彼前1:18，19

That He is our Mediator, and with His innocence and perfect holiness covers, in the sight of God, my sin, wherein I was conceived.

主日15

LORD’S DAY 15

三十七问：当你说他“受难”时，是什么意思呢？

37. What dost thou understand by the word: Suffered?

回答：意即他活在地上的整个时期，特别是最后阶段，在身体和灵魂里，担当了上帝对全人类罪恶的忿怒（1），以便藉他的受难，作为唯一的赎罪祭（2），可以救赎我们的身体和灵魂脱离永远的沉沦（3），并为我们取得上帝的悦纳、公义和永生（4）。

（1）赛53；提前2:6；彼前2:24；3:18

（2）罗3:25；林前5:7；弗5:2；来10:14；约壹2:2；4:10

（3）罗8:1-4；加3:13；西1:13；来9:12；彼前1:18，19

（4）约3:16；罗3:24-26；林后5:21；来9:15

That all the time He lived on earth, but especially at the end of His life, He bore, in body and soul, the wrath of God against the sin of the whole human race; in order that by His passion, as the only propitiatory sacrifice, He might redeem our body and soul from everlasting damnation, and obtain for us the grace of God, righteousness, and eternal life.

三十八问：他为何在审判官“本丢彼拉多手下”受难呢？

38. Why did He suffer under Pontius Pilate, as judge?

回答：他虽是无辜的，却被世上的审判官定罪（1），以使我们从自身当受的无法回避的上帝严厉的审判中被拯救出来（2）。

（1）路23:13-24；约19:4，12-16

（2）赛53:4，5；林后5:21；加3:13

That He, being innocent, might be condemned by the temporal judge, and thereby deliver us from the severe judgment of God, to which we are exposed.

三十九问：他“被钉于十字架”，比起别样的死法，有什么特殊的意义吗？

39. Is there anything more in His having been crucified, than if He had died some other death?

回答：有。因为在十字架上的受死是上帝所咒诅的，由此我确知他已把那加于我身上的咒诅担在了自己身上（1）。

（1）申21:23；加3:13

Yes: for thereby I am assured, that He took on Himself the curse which lay upon me; because the death of the cross was accursed of God.

主日16

LORD’S DAY 16

四十问：基督为何必须自己降卑，以至“受死”呢？

40. Why was it necessary for Christ to suffer death?

回答：因为按照上帝的公义和真理（1），除上帝儿子的受死之外，没有别的补偿之法（2）。

（1）创2:17

（2）罗8:3；腓2:8；来2:9，14，15

Because, by reason of the justice and truth of God, satisfaction for our sins could be made no otherwise than by the death of the Son of God.

四十一问：他为何被“埋葬”了？

41. Why was He buried?

回答：他被埋葬，证明他确实死了（1）。

（1）赛53:9；约19:38-42；徒13:29；林前15:3，4

To show thereby that He was really dead.

四十二问：基督既为我们死了，为何我们还要死呢？

42. Since then Christ died for us, why must we also die?

回答：我们的死不是补偿我们的罪，而是废止罪，并进入永生（1）。

（1）约5:24；腓1:21-23；帖前5:9，10

Our death is not a satisfaction for our sin, but only a dying to sins and entering into eternal life.

四十三问：我们从基督在十字架上的牺牲和受死，另外还得到什么恩惠呢？

43. What further benefit do we receive from the sacrifice and death of Christ on the cross?

回答：藉着基督在十字架上的牺牲和受死，我们的旧人与他同钉十字架，同死同埋葬（1）；以使肉体的情欲在我们里面不能再作王（2）；相反，我们可以把自己献给基督，作为感恩的祭物（3）。

（1）罗6:5-11；西2:11，12

（2）罗6:12-14

（3）罗12:1；弗5:1，2

That by His power our old man is with Him crucified, slain and buried; that so the evil lusts of the flesh may no more reign in us, but that we may offer ourselves unto Him a sacrifice of thanksgiving.

四十四问：为何加上“降在阴间”呢？

44. Why is it added: He descended into Hell?

回答：好使我在极大的愁苦和试探中，可以确信我的主耶稣基督，藉他在一切苦难中所经历的（1），尤其是在十字架上所遭受的那无法言表的惨痛、苦楚和惊恐，已经拯救我脱离了地狱的惨痛和苦楚，并使我因此可以得着完全的安慰（2）。

（1）诗18:5，6；116:3；太26:36-46；27:45；来5:7-10

（2）赛53

主日17

LORD’S DAY 17

四十五问：我们从基督的复活得了什么恩惠呢？

45. What benefit do we receive from the Resurrection of Christ?

回答：第一，他藉着复活战胜了死亡，叫我们分享他藉死为我们所取得的公义（1）；第二，我们现在也因他复活的大能，得着新生命（2）。第三，基督的复活成为我们将来荣耀复活的确实保证（3）。

（1）罗4:25；林前15:16-20；彼前1:3-5

（2）罗6:5-11；弗2:4-6；西3:1-4

（3）罗8:11；林前15:12-23；腓3:20，21

First, by His resurrection He has overcome death, that He might make us partakers of the righteousness which by His death He has obtained for us. Secondly, we also are now by His power raised up to a new life. Thirdly, the resurrection of Christ is to us a sure pledge of our blessed resurrection.

主日18

LORD’S DAY 18

四十六问：你怎样理解他“升天”呢？

46. How dost thou understand the words: He ascended into Heaven?

回答：就是基督在门徒眼前从地上被接到天上（1），为我们的益处（2）继续留在那里，直到再来审判活人死人（3）。

（1）可16:19；路24:50，51；徒1:9-11

（2）罗8:34；来4:14；7:23-25；9:24

（3）太24:30；徒1:11

That Christ, in sight of His disciples, was taken up from the earth into heaven; and in our behalf there continues, until He shall come again to judge the living and the dead.

四十七问：按他所应许的，基督岂不是要与我们同在，直到世界的末了吗？

47. Is not then Christ with us even unto the end of the world, as He has promised?

回答：基督是真人，也是真神。按他的人性而言，他现在不在地上（1）；但按他的神性、尊荣、恩典和圣灵而言，他无时无刻不在我们中间（2）。

（1）太26:11；约16:28；17:11；徒3:19-21；来8:4

（2）太28:18-20；约14:16-19；16:13

Christ is true Man and true God: according to His human nature, He is now not on earth; but according to His Godhead, majesty, grace, and Spirit, He is at no time absent from us.

四十八问：若说基督的人性不在其神性所到之处，这岂不是说他的二性是彼此分开的吗？

48. But are not, in this way, the two natures in Christ separated from one another, if the Manhood be not wherever the Godhead is?

回答：绝非如此。因为神性是不受限制的，是无所不在的（1），就必然超乎其所取人性的范围，但却依然与人性联合（2）。

（1）耶23:23，24；徒7:48，49

（2）约1:14；3:13；西2:9

By no means; for since the Godhead is incomprehensible and everywhere present, it must follow that it is indeed beyond the bounds of the Manhood, which it has assumed, but is yet nonetheless in the same also, and remains personally united to it.

四十九问：我们从基督升天得了什么益处？

49. What benefit do we receive from Christ’s ascension into heaven?

回答：第一，他在天上他父面前作我们的代求者（1）；第二，我们的主耶稣基督的肉身在天上，这就确实保证，基督作为我们的头，也要把我们这些作他肢体的带到他那里去（2）；第三，他差遣圣灵作为保证（3），藉着圣灵的能力，我们不求地上的事，但求天上的事，那里有基督坐在上帝的右边（4）。

（1）罗8:34；约壹2:1

（2）约14:2；17:24；弗2:4-6

（3）约14:16；徒2:33林后1:21，22；5:5

（4）西3:1-4

First, that He is our Advocate in the presence of His Father in heaven. Secondly, that we have our flesh in heaven, as a sure pledge, that He, as the Head, will also take us, His members, up to Himself. Thirdly, that He sends us His Spirit, as an earnest, by whose power we seek those things which are above, where Christ sitteth on the right hand of God, and not things on the earth.

主日19

LORD’S DAY 19

五十问：为何加上“坐在上帝的右边”呢？

50. Why is it added: And sitteth at the right hand of God?

回答：因为基督升到天上，为的是作为教会的元首到父那里（1），父藉着他统管万有（2）。

（1）弗1:20-23；西1:18 （2）太28:18；约5:22，23

Because Christ ascended into heaven for this end, that He might there appear as Head of His Church, by whom the Father governs all things.

五十一问：我们从元首基督的这种荣耀得着什么益处呢？

51. What benefit do we receive from this glory of our Head, Christ?

回答：第一，他藉着他的圣灵，把属天的美德浇灌在我们这些作为他的肢体的人身上（1）；第二，他藉着他的大能，护卫并保守我们，抵挡他一切的仇敌（2）。

（1）徒2:33；弗4:7-12 （2）诗2:9；110:1，2；约10:27-30；启19:11-16

First, that by His Holy Spirit He sheds forth heavenly gifts in us, His members; then, that by His power He defends and preserves us against all enemies.

五十二问：基督“将来必从那里降临，审判活人死人”，这对你有什么安慰？

52. What comfort is it to thee, that Christ shall come again to judge the quick and the dead?

回答：使我在诸般的忧愁和逼迫之中，昂首仰望将来必要从天降临，施行审判的那一位，他曾在上帝的审判台前，代我献上了自己，除去了我一切的咒诅（1）；那时，他要判定他和我一切的仇敌有罪，把他们撇弃在永远的沉沦中，却要把我和一切选民都带到他自己那里，享受天上的福乐和荣耀（2）。

（1）路21:28；罗8:22-25；腓3:20，21；多2:13，14 （2）太25:31-46；帖前4:16，17；帖后1:6-10

That in all my sorrows and persecutions, with uplifted head, I look for the selfsame One, who has before offered Himself for me to the judgment of God and removed from me all curse, to come again as Judge from heaven; who shall cast all His and my enemies into everlasting condemnation, but shall take me, with all His chosen ones, to Himself into heavenly joy and glory.

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