预防 2019 年新型冠状病毒 (2019-nCoV)传播给家庭和社区中其他人的暂行指南Interim Guidance forPreventing 2019 Novel Coronavirus (2019-nCoV) from Spreading to Others in Homesand Communities

https://www.cdc.gov/coronavirus/2019-ncov/guidance-prevent-spread.html

https://www.cdc.gov/coronavirus/2019-ncov/guidance-prevent-spread-chinese.html

本暂行指南基于目前已知的有关 2019 年新型冠状病毒 (2019-nCoV) 和其他病毒的呼吸道感染传播情况。美国疾病控制与预防中心 (CDC) 将根据需要并在获得更多信息时，更新此暂行指南。

This interim guidance is based on what is currently known about 2019 novel coronavirus (2019-nCoV) and transmission of other viral respiratory infections. CDC will update this interim guidance as needed and as additional information becomes available.

冠状病毒是一大类病毒，其中一些会导致人类患病，而另一些会在动物（包括骆驼、猫和蝙蝠）之间传播。在罕见情况下，动物冠状病毒能进化并感染人类，然后在人群中传播，例如在中东呼吸综合症 (MERS) 和严重急性呼吸道症候群 (SARS) 中所见到的情况。2019-nCoV 的人传人可能性尚不明确。以下暂行指南可能有助于预防这种病毒在家庭和社区的人群中传播。

Coronaviruses are a large family of viruses, some causing illness in people and others that circulate among animals, including camels, cats and bats. Rarely, animal coronaviruses can evolve and infect people and then spread between people such as has been seen with MERS and SARS. The potential for human-to-human transmission of 2019-nCoV is unknown. The following interim guidance may help prevent this virus from spreading among people in homes and in communities.

此暂行指南适用于以下情况：

This interim guidance is for:

.患者已确诊患有 2019-nCoV 感染，但无需住院治疗，并且可以在家中接受治疗

people confirmed to have 2019-nCoV infection, who do not need to be hospitalized and who can receive care at home

.患者正在接受由医务人员进行的 2019-nCoV 感染评估，其无需住院治疗并且能在家中接受治疗

people being evaluated by a healthcare provider for 2019-nCoV infection, who do not need to be hospitalized and who can receive care at home

.已确诊患有 2019-nCoV 感染或正在接受 2019-nCoV 感染评估的患者的照护者和家庭成员

caregivers and household members of a person confirmed to have, or being evaluated for, 2019-nCoV infection

.与已确诊患有 2019-nCoV 感染或正在接受 2019-nCoV 感染评估的患者有密切接触的其他人

other people who have had close contact with a person confirmed to have, or being evaluated for, 2019-nCoV infection

已确诊患有 2019-nCoV 感染或正在接受 2019-nCoV 感染评估的患者在家中接受治疗的预防措施

Prevention Steps for People Confirmed to Have, or Being Evaluated for 2019-nCoV Infection Who Receive Care at Home

Your doctors and public health staff will evaluate whether you can be cared for at home. If it is determined that you can be isolated at home, you will be monitored by staff from your local or state health department. You should follow the prevention steps below until a healthcare provider or local or state health department says you can return to your normal activities.

您的医生和公共卫生工作人员将评估您是否可以在家中进行治疗。如果确定您可以在家中隔离，您将由当地或州卫生部门的工作人员监测。您应该遵循以下预防措施，直到医务人员或当地或州卫生部门告知您可以恢复正常活动。

除了进行诊疗护理之外，请留在家里

Stay home except to get medical care

除了进行诊疗护理之外，您应该限制出门活动。不要上班、上学或前往公共场所，也不要使用公共交通工具或出租车。

You should restrict activities outside your home, except for getting medical care. Do not go to work, school, or public areas, and do not use public transportation or taxis.

将您自己与您家中的其他人隔离

Separate yourself from other people in your home

您应尽可能与家中的其他人待在不同的房间里。此外，您应使用单独的洗手间（如有）。

As much as possible, you should stay in a different room from other people in your home. Also, you should use a separate bathroom, if available.

前往就诊之前，请先打电话联系您的医生

Call ahead before visiting your doctor

在您预约就诊之前，请致电医务人员并告诉他们您患有 2019-nCoV 感染或正在接受 2019-nCoV 感染评估。这将有助于医务人员的诊所采取措施，以免其他人受到感染。

Before your medical appointment, call the healthcare provider and tell them that you have, or are being evaluated for, 2019-nCoV infection. This will help the healthcare provider’s office take steps to keep other people from getting infected.

戴口罩

Wear a facemask

当您与其他人在同一房间时，以及您到医务人员处就诊时，您应该戴上口罩。如果您不能佩戴口罩，那与您同住的人在与您处于同一个房间时，应戴口罩。

You should wear a facemask when you are in the same room with other people and when you visit a healthcare provider. If you cannot wear a facemask, the people who live with you should wear one while they are in the same room with you.

遮挡咳嗽和喷嚏

Cover your coughs and sneezes

当您咳嗽或打喷嚏时，应用纸巾遮挡口和鼻，或在咳嗽或打喷嚏时用您的袖子遮挡。将用过的纸巾扔到有塑料袋的垃圾桶中，然后立即用肥皂和水洗手至少 20 秒。

Cover your mouth and nose with a tissue when you cough or sneeze, or you can cough or sneeze into your sleeve. Throw used tissues in a lined trash can, and immediately wash your hands with soap and water for at least 20 seconds.

洗手

Wash your hands

经常用肥皂和水彻底清洗您的双手至少 20 秒。如果没有肥皂和水，并且您的手没有明显变脏，则可以使用含酒精的手部消毒液。避免用未清洗的手触碰您的眼睛、鼻子和嘴巴。

Wash your hands often and thoroughly with soap and water for at least 20 seconds. You can use an alcohol-based hand sanitizer if soap and water are not available and if your hands are not visibly dirty. Avoid touching your eyes, nose, and mouth with unwashed hands.

避免共用家居用品

Avoid sharing household items

您不应与家里的其他人共用碗碟、饮水杯、杯子、餐具、毛巾、床上用品或其他物品。使用这些物品后，应用肥皂和水对其进行彻底清洗。

You should not share dishes, drinking glasses, cups, eating utensils, towels, bedding, or other items with other people in your home. After using these items, you should wash them thoroughly with soap and water.

监测您的症状

Monitor your symptoms

如果您的病情恶化（例如呼吸困难），请立即就医。在您预约就诊之前，请致电医务人员并告诉他们您患有 2019-nCoV 感染或正在接受 2019-nCoV 感染评估。这将有助于医务人员的诊所采取措施，以免其他人受到感染。要求您的医务人员致电当地或州卫生部门。

Seek prompt medical attention if your illness is worsening (e.g., difficulty breathing). Before going to your medical appointment, call the healthcare provider and tell them that you have, or are being evaluated for, 2019-nCoV infection. This will help the healthcare provider’s office take steps to keep other people from getting infected. Ask your healthcare provider to call the local or state health department.

照护者和家庭成员的预防措施

Prevention Steps for Caregivers and Household Members

如果您与已确诊患有 2019-nCoV 感染的患者或正在接受 2019-nCoV 感染评估的患者同住或在家里为其提供照护，则应：

If you live with, or provide care at home for, a person confirmed to have, or being evaluated for, 2019-nCoV infection, you should:

确保您了解并可帮助患者遵循医务人员的药物和治疗指示。您应该帮助患者获得居家基本需求，并在购买杂货、处方药和其他个人需求方面提供支持。

Make sure that you understand and can help the person follow the healthcare provider’s instructions for medication and care. You should help the person with basic needs in the home and provide support for getting groceries, prescriptions, and other personal needs.

家里只需留下为患者提供必需的照护的人。

Have only people in the home who are essential for providing care for the person.

其他家庭成员应留在其他的住所或居住地。如果无法做到这一点，则他们应该留在另一个房间，或者尽可能与患者隔离。如果可以，应使用单独的洗手间。

Other household members should stay in another home or place of residence. If this is not possible, they should stay in another room, or be separated from the person as much as possible. Use a separate bathroom, if available.

限制没有必要的客人到家里来。

Restrict visitors who do not have an essential need to be in the home.

避免老年人和免疫系统受损或有慢性健康疾病的人员接近患者。这些人员包括患慢性心脏病、肺病或肾脏疾病、及糖尿病的患者。

Keep elderly people and those who have compromised immune systems or chronic health conditions away from the person. This includes people with chronic heart, lung or kidney conditions, and diabetes.

确保家里的共用空间通风良好，例如使用空调或在天气允许的情况下，打开窗户。

Make sure that shared spaces in the home have good air flow, such as by an air conditioner or an opened window, weather permitting.

经常用肥皂和水彻底清洗您的双手至少 20 秒。如果没有肥皂和水，并且您的手没有明显变脏，则可以使用含酒精的手部消毒液。避免用未清洗的手触碰您的眼睛、鼻子和嘴巴。

Wash your hands often and thoroughly with soap and water for at least 20 seconds. You can use an alcohol-based hand sanitizer if soap and water are not available and if your hands are not visibly dirty. Avoid touching your eyes, nose, and mouth with unwashed hands.

触摸或接触患者的血液、体液和/或分泌物（如汗液、唾液、痰液、鼻粘液、呕吐物、尿液或腹泻物）时，请戴一次性口罩、防护服和手套。

Wear a disposable facemask, gown, and gloves when you touch or have contact with the person’s blood, body fluids and/or secretions, such as sweat, saliva, sputum, nasal mucus, vomit, urine, or diarrhea.

在使用后，丢弃一次性口罩、防护服和手套。请勿重复使用。

Throw out disposable facemasks, gowns, and gloves after using them. Do not reuse.

脱下口罩、防护服和手套后应立即洗手。

Wash your hands immediately after removing your facemask, gown, and gloves.

避免共用家居用品。您不应与已确诊患有 2019-nCoV 感染或正在接受 2019-nCoV 感染评估的患者共用碗碟、饮水杯、杯子、餐具、毛巾、床上用品或其他物品。在患者使用这些物品后，应对其进行彻底清洗（请参阅下文“彻底清洗衣物”）。

Avoid sharing household items. You should not share dishes, drinking glasses, cups, eating utensils, towels, bedding, or other items with a person who is confirmed to have, or being evaluated for, 2019-nCoV infection. After the person uses these items, you should wash them thoroughly (see below “Wash laundry thoroughly”).

每天清洁所有“高频接触”的物体表面，如柜台、桌面、门把手、洗手间固定装置、厕所、手机、键盘、平板电脑和床旁桌子。另外，清洁可能带血、体液和/或分泌物或排泄物的任何表面。

Clean all “high-touch” surfaces, such as counters, tabletops, doorknobs, bathroom fixtures, toilets, phones, keyboards, tablets, and bedside tables, every day. Also, clean any surfaces that may have blood, body fluids and/or secretions or excretions on them.

阅读清洁产品的标签，并遵循产品标签上提供的建议。标签中包含了安全有效使用清洁产品的说明，包括您在使用产品时应采取的预防措施，例如佩戴手套或围裙，以及确保在使用产品期间通气良好。

Read label of cleaning products and follow recommendations provided on product labels. Labels contain instructions for safe and effective use of the cleaning product including precautions you should take when applying the product, such as wearing gloves or aprons and making sure you have good ventilation during use of the product.

使用稀释的漂白液或标签标有“EPA-批准”的家用消毒剂。在家中配制漂白液时，应将 1 汤匙漂白剂加入到 1 夸脱（4 杯）水中。如需更多漂白液，可将 ¼ 杯漂白剂加入到 1 加仑（16 杯）水中。

Use a diluted bleach solution or a household disinfectant with a label that says “EPA-approved.” To make a bleach solution at home, add 1 tablespoon of bleach to 1 quart (4 cups) of water. For a larger supply, add ¼ cup of bleach to 1 gallon (16 cups) of water.

彻底清洗衣物。

Wash laundry thoroughly.

立即取下并洗涤带血液、体液和/或分泌物或排泄物的衣物或床上用品。

Immediately remove and wash clothes or bedding that have blood, body fluids and/or secretions or excretions on them.

处理污染物品时，应佩戴一次性手套。脱下手套后应立即洗手。

Wear disposable gloves while handling soiled items. Wash your hands immediately after removing your gloves.

阅读并遵循洗衣或衣物标签和清洁剂标签上的指示。一般情况下，采用衣物标签上推荐的最高温度来洗涤和干燥衣物。

Read and follow directions on labels of laundry or clothing items and detergent. In general, wash and dry with the warmest temperatures recommended on the clothing label.

将所有使用过的一次性手套、防护服、口罩和其他污染物品放入带有塑料袋的容器中，然后再将其放入其他居家垃圾中。处理这些物品后应立即洗手。

Place all used disposable gloves, gowns, facemasks, and other contaminated items in a lined container before disposing them with other household waste. Wash your hands immediately after handling these items.

监测患者的症状。如果患者的病情更加严重，请致电他们的医务人员并告诉他们患者患有 2019-nCoV 感染或正在接受 2019-nCoV 感染评估。这将有助于医务人员的诊所采取措施，以免其他人受到感染。要求医务人员致电当地或州卫生部门。

Monitor the person’s symptoms. If they are getting sicker, call his or her medical provider and tell them that the person has, or is being evaluated for, 2019-nCoV infection. This will help the healthcare provider’s office take steps to keep other people from getting infected. Ask the healthcare provider to call the local or state health department.

照护者和家庭成员在密切接触已确诊患有 2019-nCoV 感染或正在接受 2019-nCoV 感染评估的患者时，如未遵守预防措施，则被视为“密切接触者”，应监测其健康状况。遵循下文中针对密切接触者的预防措施。

Caregivers and household members who do not follow precautions when in close contact with a person who is confirmed to have, or being evaluated for, 2019-nCoV infection, are considered “close contacts” and should monitor their health. Follow the prevention steps for close contacts below.

与您所在州或当地卫生部门讨论任何其他问题

Discuss any additional questions with you state or local health department

密切接触者的预防措施

Prevention Steps for Close Contacts

如果您与已确诊患有 2019-nCoV 感染或正在接受 2019-nCoV 感染评估的患者有密切接触，您应：

If you have had close contact with someone who is confirmed to have, or being evaluated for, 2019-nCoV infection, you should:

从您第一次与患者密切接触之日开始监测您的健康状况，并在您最后一次与患者密切接触后继续监测您的健康状况 14 天。观察以下这些体征和症状：

Monitor your health starting from the day you first had close contact with the person and continue for 14 days after you last had close contact with the person. Watch for these signs and symptoms:

发烧。每天两次测量您的体温。

咳嗽。

呼吸短促或呼吸困难。

其他需要注意的早期症状包括畏寒、身体疼痛、咽喉痛、头痛、腹泻、恶心/呕吐和流鼻涕。

Fever. Take your temperature twice a day.

Coughing.

Shortness of breath or difficulty breathing.

Other early symptoms to watch for are chills, body aches, sore throat, headache, diarrhea, nausea/vomiting, and runny nose.

如果您出现发热或任何这些症状，请立即致电您的医务人员。

If you develop fever or any of these symptoms, call your healthcare provider right away.

在您预约就诊之前，请务必告诉您的医务人员您与已确诊患有 2019-nCoV 感染或正在接受 2019-nCoV 感染评估的患者有密切接触。这将有助于医务人员的诊所采取措施，以免其他人受到感染。要求您的医务人员致电当地或州卫生部门。

Before going to your medical appointment, be sure to tell your healthcare provider about your close contact with someone who is confirmed to have, or being evaluated for, 2019-nCoV infection. This will help the healthcare provider’s office take steps to keep other people from getting infected. Ask your healthcare provider to call the local or state health department.

如果您没有任何症状，您可以继续进行日常活动，如上班、上学或前往其他公共场所。

If you do not have any symptoms, you can continue with your daily activities, such as going to work, school, or other public areas.

新冠病毒来袭：如何自我防护TheWuhan Virus: How to Stay Safe

作者：Laurie Garrett，科学记者、普利策获奖者；曾为美国外交关系协会

研究全球健康的资深会员。

翻译：《译家》团队

January 26, 2020

https://foreignpolicy.com/2020/01/25/wuhan-coronavirus-safety-china/

https://foreignpolicy.com/2020/01/26/%E6%96%B0%E5%86%A0%E7%97%85%E6%AF%92%E6%9D%A5%E8%A2%AD%EF%BC%9A%E5%A6%82%E4%BD%95%E8%87%AA%E6%88%91%E9%98%B2%E6%8A%A4/

中国当前疫情的继续蔓延难免让人恐慌。这里有十个简单措施可以帮助你防范新冠病毒。

As China’s epidemic continues to spread, things may seem scary. Here are ten simple precautions that can protect you from contracting the coronavirus.

随着原发于武汉的新冠病毒在中国大陆四处蔓延并波及全球，人们的恐慌情绪正在上升。在中国国内，政府被迫采取严厉措施以阻止病毒继续蔓延，包括在北京也对出行有所限制。人们的无助感有增无减。我收到不少在中国工作的新闻记者和公共健康工作者的焦急询问：“我们该如何保护自己和家人？”

As the new Wuhan coronavirus has spread not only all over mainland China, but also worldwide, panic is rising. Inside China there is a growing sense of helplessness, as the government is compelled to take drastic measures to stop the virus, including introducing some travel restrictions in Beijing. I have received panicked queries from journalists and public health workers in China, asking, “How can we protect ourselves and our families?”

如果三周前就有更多的信息公开和迅速及时的措施，而不是试图掩盖真相，这次疫情应该还是比较容易控制的。但是现在为时已晚，该病毒正在全球传播。由于没有针对nCoV2019（又称“武汉肺炎”）的疫苗或治疗方法，并且感染已在全国蔓延，因此政府只得搬用2003年对付SARS的办法。这意味着必须封锁整座的城市，必须限制本国人口的流动和潜在的疾病传播行为。接下来就算会不准人离开北京也不足为奇。整个中国大陆可能很快也会被封锁。

The epidemic could have been controlled fairly easily three weeks ago had there been more openness, swift action, and no attempted cover-up. But now it’s too late, and this virus is spreading globally. Because there is no vaccine or treatment for nCoV2019—the Wuhan pneumonia—and infection has spread throughout China, the government is forced to turn to its 2003 SARS playbook. And that means entire cities must be cut off, and the population of the nation must be restricted in its movements and potential disease-spreading behavior. It is not surprising then that travel out of Beijing may be forbidden; the entire mainland could go on lockdown soon.

我理解大家的恐惧，而且我预料未来的日子恐慌情绪还会上升。然而以下十种简单的做法可以保护你自己。

I know people are very frightened. And I expect panic will rise in the coming days. But very simple measures can protect you.

在SARS流行期间，我去了中国大陆和香港各处，采访受感染者、参与治疗的医生和护士、政府官员、警察等各种各样的人。尽管我和病人同处一室，我也不担心自己会被传染。那是因为我知道该采取什么预防措施。以下是其中最需要了解的几个重点：

During the SARS epidemic, I traveled all over China and Hong Kong, interviewed people infected with the virus, doctors and nurses treating the disease, government officials, police—everybody. I was never concerned that I would become infected, despite being in the room with sick individuals. And that’s because I knew what precautions to take. Here are the most important ones to know:

1.离家外出时要戴手套（冬季的连指手套或户外手套），在地铁、公共汽车上和公共场所都戴着别摘下来。

1. When you leave your home, wear gloves—winter mittens or outdoor gloves—and keep them on in subways, buses, and public spaces.

2.如果你在社交场合需要脱下手套，比如在握手或用餐时，千万不要用手触摸脸部或眼睛。不论有多么痒，都别让手碰到脸部。在重新戴上手套之前，要先用肥皂和温水彻底清洗双手，搓干净手指，然后戴上手套。

2. If you are in a social situation where you should remove your gloves, perhaps to shake hands or dine, do not touch your face or eyes, no matter how much something itches. Keep your hands away from contact with your face. And before you put your gloves back on, wash your hands thoroughly with soap and warm water, scrubbing the fingers. Put your gloves on.

3.每天换手套并彻底清洗，不要戴湿手套。

3. Change gloves daily, washing them thoroughly, and avoid wearing damp gloves.

4. 口罩如果不能盖严口鼻四周，就不会有多少保护作用。在室外，尤其是在阳光下，紫外线能杀病毒，戴口罩的必要性不大，因为这时病毒不大可能被随机地吹进人的口鼻。即使在室内，口罩如果被重复使用多次，或是松垮地戴在脸上，或是被没戴手套的手摘下来过，那它就是心理安慰多于实质性保护了。

4. Masks are useless when worn outdoors and may not be very helpful even indoors. Most masks deteriorate after one or two wearings.

重复使用同一口罩比不用还糟——而且令人恶心，因为你的口鼻呼出来的东西会在口罩内形成一层臭臭的薄膜，最容易吸引细菌。我在疫情爆发时并不单纯依赖口罩，而我已经历过三十多次疫情！我的做法是避免去人多的地方，在与任何个人打交道时保持半米的距离，即大约1.5英尺，这是个比较好的标准。如果有人咳嗽或者打喷嚏，我就请他们戴上口罩，以免我被喷到有可能带有病毒的口鼻液。如果他们拒绝，我会离他们一米（约3英尺）远，或者离开。不要跟人握手或者拥抱，礼貌地谢绝，解释在疫病流行时亲密接触对你俩都不好。

Using the same mask day after day is worse than useless—it’s disgusting, as the contents of your mouth and nose eventually coat the inside of the mask with a smelly veneer that is attractive to bacteria. I rarely wear a face mask in an epidemic, and I have been in more than 30 outbreaks. Instead, I stay away from crowds, and I keep my distance from individual people—a half meter, about 1.5 feet, is a good standard. If someone is coughing or sneezing, I ask them to put on a mask—to protect me from their potentially contaminated fluids. If they decline, I step a meter (about 3 feet) away from them, or I leave. Don’t shake hands or hug people—politely beg off, saying it’s better for both of you not to come in close contact during an epidemic.

5. 在自己家里，即刻换掉卫生间和厨房里所有的毛巾，换上标着每人名字的干净毛巾。让每个人都只用自己的毛巾，而不碰别人的。每周清洗两次所有毛巾。湿毛巾是各种病毒的好家园，比如普通感冒和流感，当然也包括冠状病毒。

5. Inside your household, remove all of the towels from your bathrooms and kitchen immediately, and replace them with clean towels that have the names of each family member on them. Instruct everybody in your home to only use their own towels and never touch another family member’s. Wash all towels twice a week. Damp towels provide terrific homes for viruses, like common colds, flus, and, yes, coronaviruses.

6. 要特别小心门把手。如果可能，最好用手肘或肩膀开门。不然就戴着手套去开门，或者开完门后马上洗手。如果你家里有人已经生病，那么一定要定期擦洗门把手。类似的，对楼梯把手、桌面、手机、玩具、笔记本电脑——任何要用手接触的东西都要非常小心。你如果只碰自己的东西没事，但是如果你需要拿起别人的手机、炊具，或者用别人的电脑键盘，过后要马上洗手，千万别碰你的脸。

6. Be careful with doorknobs. If it’s possible to open and close doors using your elbows or shoulders, do so. Wear gloves to turn a doorknob—or wash your hands after touching it. If anybody in your home takes sick, wash your doorknobs regularly. Similarly, be cautious with stairway banisters, desktops, cell phones, toys, laptops—any objects that are hand-held. As long as you handle only your own personal objects, you will be ok—but if you need to pick up someone else’s cell phone or cooking tools or use someone else’s computer keyboard, be mindful of not touching your face and wash your hands immediately after touching the object.

7.如果你和别人一起吃饭，不要用自己的筷子和餐具到公共的碗盆里取食。当然也需要告诉你的孩子不能喝别人杯子里、或者大家共用的容器里的饮料。在中国习惯于一顿饭做好几个菜，然后每人用自己的筷子到共享的菜碟里去夹菜。在疫病流行时不要这么做。在每个菜里放公勺，每人用公勺取菜然后将公勺放回菜碟，然后才用自己的筷子从自己盘子里夹菜入口。做饭菜前洗净食物；餐前餐后洗净锅碗瓢盆；不要去卫生脏乱差的餐馆。

7. If you share meals, do not use your personal chopsticks and utensils to remove food from a serving bowl or plate and, of course, tell your children to never drink out of anybody else’s cups or from a container of shared fluid. It is customary in China to prepare several dishes for a meal and then allow everybody at the table to use their personal chopsticks to pull food from the common dishes: Don’t do this until the epidemic is over. Place serving spoons in each dish and instruct everybody at the table to scoop what they want from the serving dishes onto their personal plates or bowls, return the serving spoon to the main dish, and then use their personal chopsticks only to pick food from their personal plate or bowl into their mouth. Wash all food and kitchenware thoroughly between meals and avoid restaurants that have poor hygiene practices.

8. 在查清病毒来自什么动物之前，绝对不要购买、宰杀或食用任何活体动物或活鱼。

8. Absolutely do not buy, slaughter, or consume any live animal or fish until it is known what species was the source of the virus.

9. 如果天气允许，在家和上班时都打开窗户，流通新鲜空气。病毒不能在空气流良好的地方存活很长时间。当然如果天气很冷很糟，还是需要保暖和关上窗户。

9. When the weather allows, open your windows at home or work, letting your space air out. The virus cannot linger in a well-ventilated space. But of course, if it is cold or the weather is inclement, keep warm and close those windows.

10. 最后，如果你是在照顾发烧的家人或者朋友，在他们身边时一定要戴上严丝合缝的口罩，而且让病人也戴上（除非他们犯恶心）。为亲友换口罩时一定要非常非常小心。为了你自己的安全一定要假设这上面全是病毒。戴上乳胶手套去拿，把它放在一次性容器里密封后扔到垃圾桶里。戴着乳胶手套，用一次性毛巾/棉棒给病人轻轻地拿温肥皂水洗脸；然后同样密封于一次性的容器或塑料袋里，扔进垃圾桶。照顾病人时最好穿上长袖上衣和盖住自己全身的衣服。把病人穿过和碰过的东西如衣物、床单、毛巾和餐具在热肥皂水里洗彻底。如果有条件的话，把家里的病人隔离在某个房间，或者某个舒适的固定角落，但是和家里其他人分开。如果天气好，在房间另一头开窗，使得微风可以吹过病人的脸再吹到外面去。当然天气太冷时不能这么做，如果开窗让房间里太冷，反而会让病人病情加重。

10. Finally, if you are caring for a friend or family member who is running a fever, always wear a tight-fitting mask when you are near them, and place one on the ailing person (unless they are nauseated). When you replace an old, dirty mask from the face of your friend or loved one be very, very careful—assume, for the sake of your protection, that it is covered in viruses, and handle it while wearing latex gloves, place it inside of a disposable container, seal it, and then put it in the trash. While wearing those latex gloves, gently wash the patient’s face with warm soap and water, using a disposable paper towel or cotton swab, and seal it after use in a container or plastic bag before placing it in your household trash. Wear long-sleeved shirts and clothing that covers your body when you are caring for your ailing friend or relative. Clean everything your patient wears or touches very thoroughly in hot soapy water, including sheets, towels, and utensils. If you have space, isolate the sick person in your household in a room, or a corner of a room, where they are comfortable, but separated from the rest of the household. If the weather is tolerable, open a window that is on the opposite side of the room, so that air gently blows past the patient’s face and then outdoors. Of course, don’t do this if it is very cold, as your friend or loved one will be made sicker if uncomfortably cold.

中国政府在接下来的几周内可能会有非常严厉的措施，对老百姓来说会是一段苦日子。当病毒传到别的国家，别国也可能会采用类似的严厉举措来缓解疫情。如果你家人、邻居、公司同事、学校同学所有人都使用上面这些简单的防范措施，可以大大减少病毒的传播，

The Chinese government will take very drastic actions over the next few weeks, and this will be a time of hardship for the Chinese people. As the virus spreads in other countries, similarly draconian measures may be invoked to slow the epidemic. But with these simple precautions, if taken by everybody in your household, building, office, and school, you will dramatically reduce the spread of the virus and bring the outbreak to its knees.

Be safe. Do not panic. Take commonsense precautions. As frightening as this time is, you will get through it.

注意安全。不要惊慌。采取常识性的防范措施。疫情虽然凶险，但总会过去。