耶穌是彌賽亞是因為......埃及？
Jesus is the Messiah because of…Egypt?
作者：傑西·約翰遜（Jesse Johnson） 譯者：誠之
https://thecripplegate.com/jesus-is-the-messiah-because-of-egypt/
https://www.h-land.us/blog/676961d0-42dc-11eb-b19a-bf27b5e55994
 

你有沒有考慮過，地理環境對認定耶穌是真正的彌賽亞有多麼重要？馬太福音第二章描述了耶穌出生前後那不可思議的情況，將此認定為是先知預言的應驗，馬太所指出的三個先知預言都是地理上的——耶穌是彌賽亞，因為祂被趕到了埃及，祂的被擄在拉瑪引起了哭泣，然後祂又回到了拿撒勒（太二15、17、23）。

Have you ever considered how significant geography was in the identification of Jesus as the true Messiah? Matthew 2 describes the incredible circumstances around the birth of Jesus as the fulfilment of prophecy, and all three prophecies he points to are geographic—Jesus is the Messiah because he was driven to Egypt, his exile caused weeping in Ramah, and he returned to Nazareth (Matthew 2:15, 17, 23).
 
這三個預言的地點都顯明了「預表論」（typology）的要素——我所說的預表論是指《舊約》中有一系列的事件，對救主的模樣作了一個粗略的描述，然後這個描述由耶穌來填補（filled in）。事實上，馬太用的「應驗（fulfilled）」（太二15、17、23 ）一詞，甚至可以理解為「填滿」（fill up）。如果把《舊約》當做一幅「連點畫」（connect-the-dot drawing），那麼《新約》就是一幅塗色書，然後耶穌將其中的圖像填滿了。
All three of these prophesied locations demonstrate elements of typology—by typology I mean that there are a series of events in the Old Testament that give a rough description of what the Savior will look like, and then that description is filled in by Jesus. In fact, the word Matthew uses for “fulfilled” (Matthew 2:15, 17, 23) can even be understood to mean “fill up.” Consider the Old Testament a connect-the-dot drawing, the New Testament is the coloring book, and then Jesus fills in the image.
 
這三個地理預言都遵循同樣的模式。預言最初的形狀是由摩西五經所勾勒出來的，後來在以色列人的歷史中增添了更多的細節，然後《新約聖經》出現了，且將耶穌描述為填補了這個預言的形狀。
All three of these geographic prophecies follow the same pattern. There is an initial shape laid out in the Torah, then later on in Israel’s life there is more detail added, and then the New Testament comes along and describes Jesus as filling in that pattern. 
 
今天我想考慮一下祂逃到埃及是如何證明祂是彌賽亞的。
Today I want to consider how his flight to Egypt proved that he was the Messiah.
 
從新約聖經的角度來看，你很可能熟悉這個故事。耶穌出生後，希律派人追殺耶穌。他的父親約瑟在夢中得到警示，要他逃到埃及去避難。多則幾年，少則幾個月之後，天使向約瑟顯現，叫他回到以色列去。
You are likely familiar with this story from the perspective of the New Testament. After his birth, Herod sent men to murder Jesus. His father, Joseph, was warned in a dream to flee to Egypt for safety. After as many as a few years, or as little as a few months, an angel appeared to Joseph and told him to return to Israel.
 
馬太福音二章15節說，這一系列事件的發生是為了應驗何西阿書11章1節的預言：「我從埃及召出我的兒子來」。何西阿書十一章的背景是以色列最初被擄的背景，所以耶穌逃往埃及是以最初逃往埃及為指向的，一個發生在創世記中的背景。
Matthew 2:15Open in Logos Bible Software (if available) says that this series of events happened in order to fulfil the prophecy found in Hosea 11:1Open in Logos Bible Software (if available): “Out of Egypt I called my Son.” The context of Hosea 11 is that of the original exile, so Jesus’ flight to Egypt is pointed to by the original flight to Egypt, one that took place back in the book of Genesis.
 
從《摩西五經》看這個故事的形狀
The Shape of the Story from the Torah
 
在創世記第二十七章中，摩西解釋了即將到來的救主的應許是如何交托給雅各的（而不是以掃）。創世記的敍事接著描寫雅各娶了他的兩個妻子，並通過四個不同的女人生了13個孩子。然後，在創世記第三十二章，雅各被改名為以色列，我們被告知這是因為以色列整個民族都要來自他和他的十二個兒子。
In Genesis 27, Moses explains how the promise for the coming savior is handed to Jacob (as opposed to Esau). The narrative of Genesis then follows Jacob has he marries his two wives and fathers 13 children through four different women. Then, in Genesis 32, Jacob is renamed Israel, and we are told this is because all of the nation Israel will come from him and his 12 sons.
 
然而，他最喜歡的兒子是約瑟，而約瑟發現自己處於致命的危險之中。因為他的兄弟們怨恨他，所以他們密謀殺害他，並設下陷阱要結束他的生命。然而，上帝介入，約瑟反而被賣為奴隸，被帶到埃及。創世記的其餘部分描述了約瑟如何被轉移到埃及，最終成為催化劑，將他所有的兄弟也吸引到埃及。這個故事中有一個細節與此相關——上帝藉著異夢帶領約瑟在埃及安全地生活（創卅七5、9 ，四十5-16 ，四十一1-32，四十二9 ）。
His favorite son, however, is Joseph, and Joseph finds himself in mortal danger. Because his brothers resent him, they conspire to murder him, and lay a trap to end his life. However, God intervenes, and instead Joseph is sold into slavery and taken to Egypt. The rest of Genesis describes how Joseph’s transfer to Egypt ends up as the catalyst to draw all of his brothers to Egypt as well. One detail of that story is pertinent here—God used dreams to lead Joseph to safety in Egypt (Genesis 37:5Open in Logos Bible Software (if available), 9Open in Logos Bible Software (if available), 40:5-16Open in Logos Bible Software (if available), 41:1-32Open in Logos Bible Software (if available), 42:9Open in Logos Bible Software (if available)).
 
這些異夢不僅保護了約瑟的安全，而且通過保護約瑟的安全，也將以色列民引到埃及，從而拯救了整個以色列民族。最終，400年後，上帝呼召以色列人出埃及，經過水的洗禮，歷經曠野的考驗，最終將她領回以色列的應許之地。
These dreams not only kept Joseph safe, but by keeping Joseph safe they saved all of Israel by drawing them to Egypt. Eventually, 400 years later, God called Israel out of Egypt, through the water, through the testing in the wilderness, and finally led her back into the Israel the land.
 
從眾先知看此故事的形狀
The Shape of the story from the prophets
 
幾百年後，以色列人遇上了巴比倫人的麻煩，許多以色列人把埃及視為他們的救星。上帝嘲諷了這種信任埃及的願望——「嘲諷」這個詞並不強烈，想想看下面這句話：「埃及是肥美的母牛犢；但出於北方的毀滅來到了！來到了！」（耶四十六20）。
Centuries later, Israel was in trouble from the Babylonians, and many Israelites saw Egypt as their savior. God mocked this desire to trust Egypt—and mocked is not too strong of a word; consider: “A beautiful heifer is Egypt, but a biting horsefly from the north is about to come upon her” (Jeremiah 46:20Open in Logos Bible Software (if available)).
 
以色列最終被擄了巴比倫，最後逃亡的猶太人當然是逃到了埃及（耶四十一17）。上帝在創世記中為以色列民設計的避難所，卻成了避災之地，最終成了被擄之地。
Israel eventually was taken into Babylonian exile, and the last Jews to flee of course fled to Egypt (Jeremiah 41:17Open in Logos Bible Software (if available)). The place that God designed as a refuge for Israel in Genesis had become a place of avoidance, and ultimately a place of captivity.
 
儘管如此，上帝還是將祂的愛放在以色列人身上，呼召他們從被擄之地回來，並使他們再次回到應許地（耶卅1-4 ）。祂這樣做是因為祂愛他們，而不是因為他們的悔改或信心。這就是何西阿的故事如此有力的說明：他（像上帝一樣）娶了一個淫亂的妻子，她被賣為奴隸，然後又將她買贖回來。
Nevertheless, God set his love on Israel and called them back from exile, and caused them to return to the land again (Jeremiah 30:1-4Open in Logos Bible Software (if available)). He did this because he loved them, and not because of their repentance or faith. This is the story so powerfully illustrated by Hosea, who (like God) took an adulterous wife, lost her to captivity, and then brought her back.
 
確切的預言：何西阿書十一1
The exact prophecy: Hosea 11:1Open in Logos Bible Software (if available)
 
何西阿書九到十章重拾了以色列被擄的故事。因為她的罪，他們現在被敵人包圍。他們需要避難，並在埃及找到了避難所（何九3、6）。同時，他們拒絕了他們真正的君王，即耶和華（何十3 ）。上帝對他們拒絕祂的王權的回應是使他們所謂的王受苦，並使他們的統治戛然而止（十7、14-15 ）。
Hosea 9-10 picks up the story of Israel’s captivity. Because of her sin, they were now surrounded by their enemies. They needed refuge, and found it in Egypt (Hosea 9:3Open in Logos Bible Software (if available), 9:6Open in Logos Bible Software (if available)). Meanwhile, they had rejected their true King, Yahweh (Hosea 10:3Open in Logos Bible Software (if available)). God responded to their rejection of his kingship by afflicting their so-called Kings, and brining their reigns to a crashing halt (10:7, 14-15).
 
當那些假王最終被剪除時（何十15），上帝就會召祂的真兒子離開埃及（何十一1 ）。馬太認為這節經文在耶穌基督的降生和祂逃往埃及的過程中得到了應驗。
When those false kings are finally cut off (Hosea 10:15Open in Logos Bible Software (if available)), then God will call his true Son out of Egypt (Hosea 11:1Open in Logos Bible Software (if available)). This is the verse that Matthew sees as fulfilled in the advent of Jesus Christ and his flight to Egypt.
 
耶穌在此形象上塗上色彩
Jesus colors in the image
 
馬太對何西阿書十一章1節的使用，不僅僅是與《舊約》預言的表面相聯繫。相反，耶穌逃往埃及的過程，確認了祂就是耶和華的真兒子。考慮一下《舊約》的大綱：
Matthew’s use of Hosea 11:1Open in Logos Bible Software (if available) is more than a superficial connection to an Old Testament prophecy. Instead, Jesus’ flight to Egypt identifies him as the true son of Yahweh. Consider the OT outline:
 
- 創世記，耶利米和何西阿都表明，當上帝的兒子需要逃離以色列時，埃及就是祂要去的地方。
Genesis, Jeremiah and Hosea show that Egypt is where God’s son goes when he needs to flee Israel.
 
-《舊約》中這些去到埃及的流亡者，之前都遭到了追殺。
These OT exiles in Egypt are both preceded by murderous intent.
 
- 上帝通過異夢帶領約瑟到了埃及
God leads Joseph to Israel through dreams
 
- 約瑟是吸引以色列人到埃及的人（在何西阿書中，是以法蓮，約瑟的兒子，《舊約》用他來代表北國以色列）。
Joseph is the one who draws Israel into Egypt (in Hosea, it is Ephraim—Joseph’s son)
 
- 埃及是上帝賜予的自由之地，但它卻成了奴役之地。
Egypt is given by God as a place of freedom, but it becomes a place of bondage.
 
- 當上帝呼召祂的兒子回到以色列時，被擄就結束了。
And the exile ends when God calls his Son back to Israel.
 
你看到這個輪廓是如何在創世記中勾勒出來的，在耶利米書和何西阿書中得到了重複，並在上帝的真兒子，耶穌的形象中達到高潮的嗎？
Do you see how this outline is laid out in Genesis, repeated in Jeremiah and Hosea, and culminates in the true son of God—Jesus—coloring in the image?
 
這是一個令人難以置信的深具說服力的論點，說明祂真是那救主。這些預言是詳細的、具體的，而且其預表是由基督應驗的，而祂當時還只是個小孩子。
This is an incredibly persuasive argument that he is the Savior. These prophecies are detailed, specific, and the type is fulfilled by Christ when he was only a little child.
 
祂不可能安排自己被帶到埃及去，而如果沒有出埃及這件事，祂也不可能成為真正的以色列人。馬太用這三個地理預言告訴我們，即使還是個小孩子，耶穌也是那真正的以色列，是上帝的獨生子，是《舊約》預言的明顯應驗。
It’s not possible that he arranged for himself to be taken to Egypt, nor would it have been possible for him to be the true Israel without it. Matthew uses these three geographic prophecies to show us that even as a child, Jesus was the true Israel, the only-begotten son of God, and the obvious fulfillment of Old Testament prophecy.
 
傑西是弗吉尼亞州春田市以馬內利聖經教會的牧師。他也是Master's Seminary華盛頓特區分部的負責人。