2017-03-27


經文:
「心靈貧乏的人有福了,因為天國是他們的。」(太五 3新譯本)
「虛心的人有福了!因為天國是他們的。」(太五3和合本)
Blessed are sthe poor in spirit, for utheirs is the kingdom of heaven. Mat 5:3 ESV

對比「有福  Blessed」在研讀版聖經中的解釋:

1.《新譯本研讀版聖經》p.1473
太五3:有福:這用語比表達情感狀態的快樂合意更廣闊,它包括心靈的滿足、因神的接納而舒暢,因而預想更美好的將來(參詩1篇)。

2.ESV STUDY BIBLE

Matt. 5:3–12 The Beatitudes all begin with “Blessed are …” They are called “beatitudes” from Latin beatus, “blessed, happy” (but see note on v. 3). These short statements summarize the essence of the Sermon on the Mount.

Matt. 5:3 Blessed. More than a temporary or circumstantial feeling of happiness, this is a state of well-being in relationship to God that belongs to those who respond to Jesus’ ministry. The poor in spirit are those who recognize they are in need of God’s help. theirs is the kingdom of heaven. It belongs to those who confess their spiritual bankruptcy. On a contrast with the first seven beatitudes, see note on 23:13–36.

3. Reformation Study Bible》(ESV

5:3 Blessed This means more than the emotional state represented by the word "happy". It includes spiritual well-being, having the approval of God, and thus a destiny of delight in communion with the Creator(Ps.1). P.1678

4. The MacArthur Bible Commentary P.1129

5:3 Blessed. Blessing literally means "happy, fortunate,blissful." Here it speaks of more than  a surface emotion. Jesus describes the divinely-bestowed well-being that belongs only to the faithful. The Beatitudes demonstrate that the way to heavenly blessedness is opposite the worldly path people normally follow to find happiness. The worldly idea is that happiness is found in riches, merriment, abundance, leisure, and such things. The real truth is the very opposite. In the Beatitudes, Jesus describes the character of true faith.

5. NIV Zondervan Study Bible

P.1937没有解釋


6.  另參:

《馬太福音註釋》Matthew-Expositor's Bible Commentar
卡森(Don Carson)著/周兪雲翔譯,美國麥種傳道會

八福在英文叫做beatitudes(拉丁文beatus,  「有福的」),或macarisms(來自希臘文mkarios,「有福的」)。P. 273

3. 在新約聖經中,「有福的」與「福分」的背後有兩個字和它們的同源字。第311節所用的字是makarious,  在《七十士譯本》中通常用來翻譯ašrê,這個希伯來詞語幾乎總是用作感嘆詞:「喔,......的福〔複數〕啊!」Makarios 通常描寫那格外蒙神恩待的人,所以從某個角度來說就是「快樂的」;但這個詞也可以用在神身上(提前一11,六15,「可稱頌的」)。另一個詞是eulogētos,  在《七十士譯本》中主要是翻譯希伯來文b'rā,在舊約聖經與新約聖經中的用法主要是與神有關(如:可十四61;路一68;羅一25;林後一3)。Eulogētos不曾出現在馬太福音中,但其同源動詞出現5次(太十四19,二十一9,二十三39,二十五34,二十六26),其中一次用於人(二十五34),而不是用於神或基督。所以,試圖以makarios 意指「快樂的」,並以eulogētos為「有福的」之意的做法是徒然無益的。雖然兩個字都出現多次,也都可以用在神或人身上。我們很難不下結論說,兩者的共同因素是贊同:人「稱頌」神,贊同並贊美祂;神「賜福」人,滿有恩慈而紆尊降貴地贊同他。用在人身上時,舊約聖經的用詞肯定是同義詞。P. 275

至於快樂的(《今日英文版》),在現代用法中已經被貶低了,與八福無關。這個希臘文「描寫一種狀態,不是用它來形象人的內在感覺,而是在別人判斷中從一種理想觀點看來的有福狀態」。在馬太福音的末世論脊景中,「有福的」只能是指末世的福分;每一個特殊的福分都以每一福的第二個句子來具體說明。P. 276

7. Jewish New Testament CommentaryP.23, by David H.Stern

How blessed. Greek makarios corresponds to Hebrew asher and means "blessed," "happy," and "fortunate" all at once, so that no one English word is adequate. For a Hebrew example, compare Psalm144:15:"how blessed/happy/fortunate the people whose God is Adonai!" Verse3-12 are known as the Beatitudes because the word "beatus" was used in the best-known Latin version, Jerome's "Vulgate"(c.410C.E.), to translate "makarios." For more on the Beatitudes, see Appendix,p.930.