45 耶稣的召命——耶稣基督的使命在受浸时显现出来Vocation - Jesus Christ'smission revealed at His baptism
《简明神学》Concise Theology: A Guide to
Historic Christian Beliefs，巴刻（J. I. Packer）著/張麟至译，更新传道会，2007年。
45 耶稣的召命——耶稣基督的使命在受浸时显现出来
Vocation - Jesus Christ's mission revealed at His baptism
那时、耶稣从加利利的拿撒勒来，在约旦河受了约翰的洗。祂从水里一上来，就看见天开了，圣灵仿佛鸽子降在祂身上。又有声音从天上来、说：[你是我的爱子，我喜悦你。]（可1:9-11）
在约翰所施悔改的洗礼（可1:4），和耶稣所设立的三一神的洗礼（太28:19）之间，有其连续性。两者都是洁净的记号，针对着罪的赦免而论（可1:4；徒2:38）。但这两者又不尽相同，因此，那些受约翰施洗的人仍需要基督所设立的洗礼（徒19:5）。基督的洗礼是一个新开始的记号，指明人与已经来临之基督的关系（这在徒2:38；10:48；19:5）称作[奉耶稣基督的名受洗]）；约翰的洗礼是预备性的礼义，象征迎候基督的来临，和祂的审判（太3:7-12；路3:7-18；徒19:4）。
约翰的洗礼是——激进性的创举。在早先，只有外邦人归化犹太教的时候，按规定要经过一种象征性的洗濯。现在，神却透过约翰，命令所有的犹太人要公开受洗，以象征他们的悔改。大多数的犹太人领袖，都认为约翰的要求是一种异端与羞辱（太21:25-26）。
耶稣却不顾约翰的抗议，坚持要约翰——祂的表兄——为他施洗（太3:13-15）。耶稣的角色既是弥赛亚，[生在律法以下]（加4:4），就得顺服神给以色列人的一切规定，并与祂将来所要承担其罪的人认同。祂籍洗礼宣告说，祂已站在罪人的地位上，要承受神的刑罚与审判。这是祂受洗[为要尽诸般的义]的意思（太3:15；另参赛53:11）。
祂的洗礼是三位一体的彰显：父神从天上说话了，鸽子降下了——象征圣灵的膏抹。鸽子降下并落在耶稣的身上之意义，并非说祂先前未曾被圣灵充满过，而是说祂如今被标明出来，成为满载圣灵的人，并将要用圣灵给人施洗（约1:32-33）。如此，祂引进了圣灵的时代，实现了以色列人的盼望（路4:1,14；18-21）。
VOCATION
JESUS CHRIST’S MISSION WAS
REVEALED AT HIS BAPTISM
At
that time Jesus came from Nazareth in Galilee and was baptized by John in the
Jordan. As Jesus was coming up out of the water, he saw heaven being torn open
and the Spirit descending on him like a dove. And a voice came from heaven:
“You are my Son, whom I love; with you I am well pleased.” MARK 1:9-11
There
is continuity between John’s baptism of repentance (Mark 1:4) and the
trinitarian baptism instituted by Jesus (Matt. 28:19). Both were symbols of
cleansing and had remission of sins in view (Mark 1:4; Acts 2:38). They were
not identical, however, and those baptized by John needed Christian baptism too
(Acts 19:5). Christian baptism is an initiatory sign pointing to a relationship
with the Christ who has come (it is called baptism in Christ’s name in Acts
2:38; 10:48; 19:5); John’s baptism was a preparatory rite, signifying readiness
for the coming of the Christ and for his judgment (Matt. 3:7-12; Luke 3:7-18;
Acts 19:4).
John’s
baptism was a radical innovation. Previously, only Gentiles converting to Judaism
had been required to undergo a symbolic washing. Now, however, God through John
was commanding all Jews to signify their repentance by being publicly washed.
Most Jewish leaders thought John’s requirement was heretical and insulting
(Matt. 21:25-26).
Jesus
insisted that John, his cousin, must baptize him, overriding John’s protests
(Matt. 3:13-15). In his role as Messiah, “born under law” (Gal. 4:4), Jesus had
to submit to all God’s requirements of Israel and to identify with those whose
sins he had come to bear. His baptism proclaimed that he had come to take the
sinner’s place under God’s penal judgment. This is the sense in which he was
baptized “to fulfill all righteousness” (Matt. 3:15; cf. Isa. 53:11).
His
baptism was a manifestation of the Trinity: the Father spoke from the sky, and
the dove descended, a sign of the Spirit’s anointing. The meaning of the dove
descending and abiding was not that Jesus had not previously been Spirit-filled
but that he was now being marked out as the Spirit-bearer who would become the
Spirit-baptizer (John 1:32-33) and so bring in the age of the Spirit that was
to fulfill Israel’s hopes (Luke 4:1, 14, 18-21).
