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2018-11-20


改革宗信仰基础06:圣灵的位格与工作Basics of the Reformed Faith:The Person and Work of the Holy Spirit

作者: Kim Riddlebarger  译者: 王一

我们经常听到人们把圣灵说成“它”而不是“他”。圣灵的工作是荣耀基督,而不是他自己。巴刻(J. I. Packer)称圣灵是“三位一体里害羞的那一位。”但是圣灵谦虚的角色不代表他是非位格,也不意味着他不是上帝。圣灵与三位一体中其他两位一样,拥有相同的上帝属性。就像我们说父是上帝,子是上帝,同样,我们必须宣告圣灵是上帝。他是神圣三位一体中的第三位。

与有关耶稣神性的经文相比,有关圣灵神性的经文似乎没有那么多,但这些经文却清晰明确。我们先来看圣经直接宣告圣灵是上帝本身。在《使徒行传》5:3-4,我们读到亚拿尼亚和他妻子撒非拉的故事,他们诡诈欺骗了圣灵。而他们被定的罪是“你这不是欺骗人,而是欺骗上帝。”欺骗圣灵就是欺骗上帝。在《哥林多前书》3:16里,保罗告诉我们,我们里面的灵是上帝的灵,我们是上帝的殿。而在同一卷书6:19里他说了同样意思的话,而他说我们是圣灵的殿。至少,保罗这两处的话间接指出了圣灵的神性。

在旧约圣经里也有许多很重要的关于圣灵神性的证据。在《以赛亚书》63:10里,以赛亚先知说上帝的灵呼应了《诗篇》95:9。而《希伯来书》3:7-9把在《诗篇》95篇里说话的上帝称为圣灵:所以,就像圣灵所说的:“如果你们今天听从他的声音,就不要硬着心,好象在旷野惹他发怒、试探他的日子一样;在那里,你们的祖先以试验来试探我,观看我的作为有四十年之久。”旧约先知归于上帝的,希伯来书作者将其归于圣灵。

纵观正本圣经,圣灵都被描绘成拥有上帝的属性。在《创世记》1:1-2里,我们读到“上帝的灵运行在水面上。”约翰和保罗把创造之工归给圣子(他是真的永生的上帝),而摩西把创造之工归给圣灵。在《诗篇》33:6里,诗人说圣灵(上帝之气)创造了万有。就像圣子是永恒的,同样圣灵也是,他也是在万物受造以先,与上帝同在。

在《约伯记》33:4里,我们读到:“神的灵创造了我,全能者的气使我存活。”就像圣父和圣子赐生命给我们,同样圣灵也赐生命给我们。然而, 圣灵不但给我们生命气息,他还给我们新生,而这只有上帝才能做到(《约翰福音》3:5)。我们只有被上帝的灵赐予永生,才能进入上帝的国。

此外,我们发现将整个上帝属性都应该归给圣灵。他是全知的。在《哥林多前书》2:11,保罗说圣灵测透万事,甚至上帝深奥之事也测透了。上帝是无处不在的,圣灵是无处不在的。《诗篇》139:7-10,诗人说圣灵无处不在。圣经说圣灵是全能的。在《以赛亚书》11:2里,圣灵被描述成拥有上帝独有的能力。他实际上就是全能的,因为上帝是全能的。

圣经还提到圣灵的其他上帝属性。圣灵是我们成圣的作者(《彼得前书》1:2),他印了我们直到得赎之日(《以弗所书》1:13-14),他保证上帝在我们里面开始的工能够完成(《以弗所书》4:30)。先知和使徒们是透过圣灵来说话(《彼得前书》1:21)。最后,圣经说圣灵使信徒与基督联合,使他们能够坦然无惧来到上帝面前。保罗说圣灵是祷告的灵(《罗马书》8:15-16)。圣灵把我们与基督联合,使我们可以向上帝呼求。是圣灵使基督的救恩称为我们的。

圣经有着如此丰富的经文,但我们今天对上帝理解的混乱。圣灵是与圣父和圣子同为上帝,因此我们必须敬拜那位独一且是三位的上帝。上帝是一,但却启示自己为三个独特的位格,每一个位格都是上帝。

既然圣灵是三位一体的第三位,他是真的永生的上帝,那么我们就必须呼求他,敬拜他,服侍他,称颂他,就像我们对圣父和圣子那样。毕竟,我们领受洗礼是奉父、子、圣灵的名(太28:9)。使徒祝福也是奉父、子、圣灵的名。因此,我们必须把一切荣耀、尊贵归给圣灵,就像我们归给圣父和圣子一样。


Basics of the Reformed Faith: The Person and Work of the Holy Spirit
By Kim Riddlebarger

Far too often we hear people speak of the Holy Spirit as an “it,” not a “who.” One reason why this is the case is that the nature of the Holy Spirit’s work is to bring glory to Jesus Christ, not to himself. This is why J. I. Packer calls the Holy Spirit the “shy member of the Trinity.” But this self-effacing role of the Spirit does not mean that the Holy Spirit is impersonal and not God. The Spirit possesses the same divine attributes as do the other members of the Trinity. Even as we speak of the Father as God, the Son as God, so too we must speak of the Holy Spirit as God. He is the third person of the Holy Trinity.

While there is not as much biblical evidence for the deity of the Holy Spirit as there is for the deity of Jesus, it would be a mistake to conclude that the evidence is neither clear nor decisive. We start with the Bible’s direct assertion that the Holy Spirit is God. In Acts 5:3-4, we read the story of Ananias and Saphirra, specifically of their deceit and the charge brought against them. “You have not lied to men but to God.” To lie to the Holy Spirit (as they did) is to lie to God. In 1 Corinthians 3:16, Paul tells us that the Spirit who indwells us, is God’s Spirit. He makes the same point in 1 Corinthians 6:19. At the very least, both of Paul’s comments are indirect assertions of the deity of the Holy Spirit.

There is significant evidence for the deity of the Holy Spirit found in the Old Testament. In Isaiah 63:10, Isaiah speaks of the Spirit of God, as does the Psalmist in Psalm 95:9. In Hebrews 3:7-9 the author of Hebrews attributes the words spoken by God in Psalm 95 to the Holy Spirit. “Therefore, as the Holy Spirit says, “Today, if you hear his voice, do not harden your hearts as in the rebellion, on the day of testing in the wilderness, where your fathers put me to the test . . . for forty years.” What the Old Testament prophets attributed to God, the author of Hebrews attributes to the Holy Spirit.

Throughout the Scriptures, the Holy Spirit is said to possess divine attributes. In Genesis 1:1-2 we read that “the Spirit of God was hovering over the face of the waters.” Even as John and Paul attribute the work of creation to the Son (who is true and eternal God), so too, Moses assigns the work of creation to the Holy Spirit. In Psalm 33:6, the Psalmist states that the Holy Spirit (the Ruach, the breath of God) creates all things. As the Son is eternal, so too, is the Holy Spirit, who was with God before all things were created.

In Job 33:4, we read, “the Spirit of God has made me, and the breath of the Almighty gives me life.” As the Father and the Son are said to give us life, so too does the Holy Spirit. But not only does the Holy Spirit grant us life and breath, he also gives the new birth, something only God can do (John 3:5). We cannot enter God’s kingdom until God’s Spirit gives us eternal life.

Then we have a whole catalog of divine attributes applied to the Spirit. He is omniscient (in Psalm 139:7-10, the Psalmist says that the Holy Spirit is everywhere present). In 1 Corinthians 2:11, Paul says the Spirit searches all things, even the deep things of God. God is omnipresent. The Holy Spirit is omnipresent. Therefore, the Holy Spirit is God. The Scriptures also teach that the Holy Spirit is omnipotent. In Isaiah 11:2, the Holy Spirit is described as possessing the power which God alone possesses. He is, in fact, all-powerful, because God is all-powerful.

The Scriptures mention other divine attributes of the Holy Spirit as well. The Holy Spirit is the author of our sanctification (1 Peter 1:2), he seals us unto the day of redemption (Ephesians 1:13-14), ensuring that the work God has begun in us will reach completion (Ephesians 4:30). It is through the Holy Spirit that the prophets and apostles spoke (1 Peter 1:11). And Peter proclaims “[that] prophecy never had its origin in the will of man, but men spoke from God as they were carried along by the Holy Spirit” (1 Peter 1:21). Finally, there are those verses which speak of the work of the Spirit in uniting believers to Jesus Christ, enabling them to approach God without fear. The Holy Spirit is described by Paul as the “Spirit of prayer” (Romans 8:15-16). It is the Spirit who unites us to Christ and enables us to cry out to God. It is the Spirit’s work to ensure that the saving benefits of Christ become ours.

Given this vast amount of biblical data and the great confusion of our age regarding the God of the Bible, it is vital that since the Holy Spirit is God (with the Father and the Son), we worship God in unity and the Godhead in Tri-unity. For God is one, yet revealed in three distinct persons who are each God.

Since the Spirit is the third person of the Holy Trinity and is true and eternal God, then we must invoke, worship, and serve the blessed Holy Spirit, even as we do the Father and the Son. After all, we are baptized into the name of the Father, the Son and the Holy Spirit (Matthew 28:9). The apostolic benediction is given in the name of the Father, the Son, and the Holy Spirit. Therefore, we must ascribe all glory, majesty and honor to the Holy Spirit, even as we do so to the other members of the Godhead. We pray to the Holy Spirit, we worship the Holy Spirit, we invoke the blessed Holy Spirit.


2018-06-04


聖靈的恩典工作The Gracious Work of the HolySpirit

作者:  Sinclair Ferguson   譯者: Maria Marta

早在可以清晰表達重生和歸信的神學之前,許多人就相信耶穌基督了。我們慢慢地意識到似乎「簡單」的行動------信靠基督------實際上是神聖活動的複雜經歷。 聖靈的活動需要隱藏,因為「若不是被聖靈感動的,也沒有能說『耶穌是主』的」(林前十二3)。

與恩典工作交織在一起的,是聖靈那不被人注意的活動,這活動就是祂說服我們相信聖經 ------- 我們認識基督的最終根源-------是上帝的聖言。這種確信似乎也很簡單、容易理解。但仔細檢查後,就會發現類似的奇妙的神性活動的複雜性。

就相信基督而言,模式是:
1)聖子道成肉身;
2)祂對祂身份的啟示;
3)祂用文字和行動從多方面加以確證;
4)光照信徒的心。

以上這些方面帶來的結果是我們看到耶穌的真貌,並信靠祂。

因此,聖靈說服我們相信耶穌完全是以耶穌自己為根據。 然而,出現聖靈的說服(聖靈以說服的方法告訴我們)的原因是因為:1.聖父差派聖靈;2.  耶穌證明聖靈是誰;3. 聖靈打開我們的瞎眼,讓我們認出耶穌來。 和彼得一樣,我們的確信不是屬「肉和血」指示我們的(太1616-17; 像馬利亞在墳墓外面一樣,我們開始時可能不認識耶穌到底是誰(約廿14;    像以馬午斯路上的門徒一樣,我們的眼睛需要被打開(路四廿31)。

然而,現在我們認識永活長存之道(耶穌)的唯一路徑是借著成文的話語。 信靠基督取決於聖經的神聖特性和見證。 我們因著使徒的說話來到基督面前(約十七20)。

因此,我們確信聖經是上帝聖言所經歷的過程有一個基礎結構,相似於對基督的信心的確信:

1)聖經的啟示 -----它是上帝呼出的氣息。
2)聖經內在聲稱,它本身的啟示就是上帝的話語。
3)《聖經》權威明顯的確證就是上帝關於祂的屬性,祂的拯救工作,應驗的預言這些方面的信息的話語,以及這些話語對祂的子民的生活的影響。
4)在我們閱讀和聆聽聖經的信息時,聖靈軟化剛硬的心,降服頑硬的意志,打開瞎子的眼睛,光照聖經的信息。

問題:那麽,為什麽歸信基督並確相聖經是上帝的話語在我們看來如此簡單:「我信耶穌基督」和「我相信聖經是上帝的話語」?

回答:因為在這兩種情況下,我們信靠的對象是我們相信的最終原因。 因此,聖靈沒有添加關於耶穌的新信息。祂只是打開我們的眼睛,讓我們看見祂到底是誰:「你是基督。」

聖靈也不直接、親自對我們低聲說:「聖經是上帝的話語。」  不,祂的見證來自聖經本身。聖靈使我們在閱讀或聆聽聖經時能夠看到聖經的真正意義。當我們經歷上帝在聖經中「對你說話」(現在時; 來十二5)時,聖靈使我們的心火熱。

因此,最終聖靈從聖經本身來說服我們深信聖經的說話。

這是提摩太的經歷。上帝「呼出」聖經(提後三16)。聖經聲稱是上帝的話語(15節)。 提摩太面對證據(包括他母親、祖母、屬靈父親生命的改變;  10, 14節)。 提摩太確信了(14節)。

這是帖撒羅尼迦人的經歷。保羅將這道傳給帖撒羅尼迦;這道稱為上帝的聖道;它證明它的身份;帖撒羅尼迦人「接受了我們所傳的 神的道,不認為這是人的道,而認為這確實是 神的道。」(帖前二13  說服是聖靈的工作(5)。這是聖靈內在見證教義最簡單的表達形式。

這也是我們的經歷。 每當人相信基督並相信聖經是上帝的話語時,人就會經歷聖靈同樣的見證。今天有人會有這樣的經歷。 暫停,讓我們為此感謝上帝。


本文原刊于Tabletalk雜誌。 

The Gracious Work of the Holy Spirit
FROM Sinclair Ferguson

Many people come to faith in Jesus Christ long before they are able to articulate the theology of regeneration and conversion. Slowly, we realize that what seemed a “simple” act—trusting in Christ—was in fact a complex experience of divine activity. The Holy Spirit needed to be secretly active, since “no one can say ‘Jesus is Lord’ except in the Holy Spirit” (1 Cor. 12:3).

Woven into this work of grace, then, is the unnoticed activity of the Spirit as He persuades us that the Scriptures—our ultimate source for knowing Christ—are the Word of God. Coming to this conviction also seems simple and straightforward. But when examined closely, it reveals a similar complex of marvelous divine activity.

In the case of faith in Christ, the pattern is:

(1) the incarnation of the Son;
(2) His revelation of His identity;
(3) His multifaceted corroboration in words and works;
(4) illumination in the hearts of believers.

All this results in our seeing who Jesus really is and trusting Him.

Thus, the Spirit persuades us about Jesus entirely on the basis of Jesus Himself. Yet this persuasion arises because the Father has sent Him, because Jesus gives evidence of who He is, and because the Spirit opens our blind eyes to recognize Him. As with Peter, our conviction is not a flesh-and-blood matter (Matt. 16:16–17); like Mary in the garden, we may not at first recognize who Jesus really is (John 20:14); like the disciples on the Emmaus Road, our eyes need to be opened (Luke 24:31).

However, our only access now to the knowledge of the Living Word (Jesus) is through the written Word. Faith in Christ depends upon Scripture’s divine character and testimony. We come to Christ through the Apostles’ words (John 17:20).

Unsurprisingly, therefore, the process by which we are convinced that Scripture is God’s Word has an underlying structure similar to faith’s conviction about Christ:

(1) The inspiration of Scripture—it is God-breathed.
(2) The revelation of Scripture’s identity in its internal claims to be the Word of God.
(3) The corroboration of Scripture’s authority in the evidences that it is God’s Word through its message about God’s character, His saving works, fulfilled prophecy, and its effects in the lives of God’s people.
(4) The illumination of Scripture’s message through the Spirit’s softening of hard hearts, bowing stubborn wills, and opening blind eyes as we read and hear its message.

Question: Why, then, do conversion to Christ and conviction about Scripture as God’s Word seem to us so simple: “I believe in Jesus Christ” and “I believe Scripture is the Word of God”?

Answer: Because in both instances, the object we trust is the final reason for our trust. Thus, the Spirit does not add new information about Jesus. He simply opens our eyes to see who He really is: “You are the Christ.”

Nor does the Spirit whisper directly and personally to us, “The Bible is the Word of God.” No, His testimony comes through the Scriptures themselves. He enables us to see Scripture as it really is when we read or hear it. He causes our hearts to burn when we experience that, in Scripture, God “addresses you” (present tense; Heb. 12:5).

Thus, the Spirit convinces us about Scripture ultimately from Scripture itself.

This was Timothy’s experience. God “breathed out” the Scriptures (2 Tim. 3:16). They claimed to be the Word of God (v. 15). Timothy was confronted with the evidence (including the changed lives of his mother, grandmother, and spiritual father; vv. 10, 14). Timothy was convinced (v. 14).

This was the Thessalonians’ experience. Paul carried the Word to Thessalonica; it was spoken as the Word of God; it gave evidence of its identity; the Thessalonians “accepted it, not as the word of men, but as it really is, the word of God” (1 Thess. 2:13). This persuasion was the Spirit’s work (1:5). This is the doctrine of the internal testimony of the Spirit expressed in its simplest form.

This is our experience, too. The same testimony of the Spirit is experienced whenever anyone comes to faith in Christ and trusts Scripture as God’s Word. Someone will experience it today. Pause, and thank God for it.

This post was originally published in Tabletalk magazine.



2018-03-31


怎么理解基督受死时我们还没出生,但我们却蒙拯救,而且我們的舊人與祂同釘十字架?

摘自《聖靈降臨──從新約看聖靈的恩賜》Perspectives on Pentecost: Studies in New Testament Teaching on the Gifts of the Holy Spirit,葛富恩 (Richard B. Gaffin, Jr.)/林體安譯,改革宗出版有限公司,2014二版。

耶穌賜下聖靈給整個教會和每位基督徒。藉著賜下聖靈,基督親自來到我們當中,並住在我們𥚃面;藉著賜下聖靈,基督使我們成聖並引導我們;藉著賜下聖靈,我們可以叫「阿爸,父!」。聖靈的賜下對每位基督徒的得救來說,是不可或缺的。當耶穌基督在地上服事時,祂應許要差聖靈來,同時也應許不撇下我們為孤兒,祂必到我們這裡來,而五旬節就是這些應許的實現。聖靈乃是基督的靈,基督透過祂的靈來到祂百姓當中。教會也在五旬節那一天成了基督的身體。(8頁)
……

在教會𥚃,被高舉之基督的工作和聖靈的工作,是完全合一且一致的。聖靈的工作並不是附加在基督工作之上,也不是某種有獨立活動範圍的工作,為要超越或補足基督所成就的事。聖靈的工作不是添加在基督所確保的基本救恩上的額外好處。反之,聖靈的降臨不單使我們知道基督曾經活在世上並且做過一些事,同時也使我們明白身為末世生命源頭的基督,現今仍然住在教會中,並在教會𥚃動工。如今基督藉著聖靈,並在聖靈𥚃彰顯祂的同在。聖靈是一種顯明的奧袐,表示基督永遠與教會同在。

由此看來,大使命的最後兩句話;「我就常與你們同在,直到世界的末了」(太廿八20),不單是指基督因著祂的神性而無所不在,同時也(或許主要)是指聖靈的同在與作為。在這𥚃說話的「我」,正是「叫人活的靈」,亦即得榮耀的人子,祂將要透過聖靈的能力而降臨,並與教會同在。(28頁)(附註從略)

2017-06-23

选自作者著《神的话说神的灵》The Silent Shepherdthe care, comfort, and correction of the Holy Spirit,約翰麥克阿瑟著(John MacArthur/顾华德译,2013,宇宙光全人关怀机构出版,标题另加。转载自改革宗周刊微信公众号。

圣灵如何帮助我们享受在基督里丰盛的新约生命。

祂让我们脱离罪与死亡
  
  当我们成为基督徒的那刻,就已经脱离罪与死亡的权柄。这就好像:前一分钟我们还是被关在最高度戒备监狱单人牢房的囚犯,下一分钟我们就得到特赦而被释放。突然间我们不再被关在狭小的空间,我们不再吃牢饭,也不需要穿囚衣,我们跟外界的联络也不再受到严格限制——我们完全不再受到牢狱生活中各种规矩、条例和限制的束缚。这就是查理•卫斯理在他的诗歌中所描绘的属灵转变,而且这一切只有借着圣灵所赐的福音大能才得以成就,保罗称之为“在基督耶稣里的生命之灵”(罗8:2)。
  
  耶稣对福音这种释放能力深具信心,因此祂在《约翰福音》五章24节宣告:“我实实在在地告诉你们:那听我话又信差我来者的,就有永生,不至于定罪,是已经出死入生了。”(并见约8:32-36)圣灵借着圣经斩钉截铁的表示,每一个祂亲自安置在基督里的人,祂同时也释放他们脱离罪与死亡的权势。使徒保罗写道:我们若是与基督同死,就信必与他同活。因为知道基督既从死里复活,就不再死,死也不再作他的主了。他死是向罪死了,只有一次;他活是向神活着。这样,你们向罪也当看自己是死的;向神在基督耶稣里,却当看自已是活的。(罗6:8-11

  保罗在这段经文的结尾鼓励信徒,要积极发挥这种脱离罪与死亡所得的自由。我们必须不断提醒自己,我们向罪是死的,向神是活的(西3:3-10)。知道圣灵能帮助我们不断胜过罪并顺服上帝,会带给我们充满喜悦的信心。
  
祂帮助我们满足律法
  
  圣灵在信徒身上的第二个重要工作——同样跟救恩相关——就是祂能帮助我们满足上帝的律法。这是上帝赐下新生的积极果效之一,这也跟古代教会神学家奥古斯丁的主张一致:“赐下救恩的目的是要满足律法。”
  
  基督徒满足上帝律法的方式,并不是要殚精竭虑的表现出符合神圣道德律的外在行为。信徒顺服上帝的诫命,是因为圣灵居住在他里面。圣灵内住,首先会产生出各种正确的态度:仁爱、喜乐、和平、忍耐、恩慈、良善、信实、温柔、节制——这一切就是圣灵所结的果实(加5:22-23)。这些态度会让我们产生出讨上帝喜悦的义行。
 
  使徒保罗非常了解上帝为我们得救后所定的计划:你们得救是本乎恩,也因着信;这并不是出于自己,乃是神所赐的;也不是出于行为,免得有人自夸。我们原是他的工作,在基督耶稣里造成的,为要叫我们行善,就是神所预备叫我们行的。(弗2:8-19
  
  这些我们耳熟能详的经文明白告诉我们,救恩与作主门徒是不可分的。如果我们已经被圣灵的大能改变,那么就会明显表现在我们生活以及服事主的方式上(太7:20-21;雅2:17-26)。由于我们还是罪人,所以我们的生活型态不会是完美无瑕的,但圣灵会与我们同在,帮助我们满足上帝的律法。
  
祂赐给我们新身分
  
  基督徒满足上帝律法后的结果之一,就是得到属灵的身分:这种身分的重要性远超过我们习以为常,却不甚了解的生理身分。
  
  在科学领域中,发现DNA以及基因识别可说是破天荒的新闻,但比起上帝在亘古以前就建立的属灵身分来说,丝毫不足为奇;《约翰福音》三章6节提到,主耶稣在向尼哥底母解释福音的时候,说道:“从肉身生的,就是肉身;从灵生的,就是灵。”耶稣清楚的划分出重生以及没有重生之间的界线。使徒保罗在《罗马书》八章9节也用同样的方式界定基督徒:“如果神的灵住在你们心里,你们就不属肉体,乃属圣灵了。人若没有基督的灵,就不是属基督的。”换句话说,所有基督徒都知道圣灵住在自己里面。
  
  《罗马书》八章9节也提醒我们,如果我们的生命没有结出圣灵的果子,那么祂不在我们里面,而我们也就不是基督徒。如果你现在不确定自己是否属于基督,那么就要记得保罗在《哥林多后书》十三章5节告诉哥林多信徒的话“你们总要自己省察有信心没有,也要自己试验。岂不知你们若不是可弃绝的,就有耶稣基督在你们心里吗?”这种自我省察,不是要提心吊胆、哭丧着脸的检视内心。相反的,我们只需要扪心自问几个问题。例如:我是否感觉到圣灵在我生命中带领、鼓励与安慰的工作?我是否结出任何一种圣灵的果子?我是否了解自己应该爱基督身体里的其他肢体,并切实遵行?我的内心是否渴望在祷告中与上帝相交?我是否热爱上帝的话语,不但明白其中的真理,而且深受感动?如果你知道自己曾肯定的回答上述这些问题,那么你很可能就是个基督徒。
  
  即使你的生命,到目前并未表现出上面提到的那些美德,上帝的灵依旧住在你里面。我们未必分分秒秒都注意到圣灵的同在,也未必总是愿意遵从祂的带领。然而祂的同在是上帝的应许,而非取决于我们的感觉。
  
祂引导我们到基督面前
  
  基督徒必须清楚正确的了解,基督位居我们生命核心的意义。《希伯来书》作者说道:“当……存心忍耐,奔那摆在我们前头的路程,仰望为我们信心创始成终的耶稣。他因那摆在前面的喜乐,就轻看羞辱,忍受了十字架的苦难,便坐在神宝座的右边。”(来12:1-2)圣灵的主要事工之一就是吸引我们首先来到基督面前,然后帮助我们继续仰望基督、高举基督并荣耀基督。
  
  耶稣在《约翰福音》里面两次亲口提到圣灵指引我们仰望基督:我从父那里要差来给你们的保惠师,就是从父那里出来的真理的灵,祂来到的时候,要为我作见证。(15:26。译注:新译本)祂要荣耀我,因为祂要将受于我的告诉你们。凡父所有的,都是我的;所以我说,祂要将受于我的告诉你们。(16:14-15
  
  圣灵把焦点引导到基督身上的方式,就是为基督作见证,这是《约翰福音》经常提到的重要真理。约翰的笔下还提到其他为基督见证的人与事:父神基督自己、耶稣的事工、圣器、施洗约翰以及不同的见证人。释经家里昂•莫理斯对见证与作见证有精辟的见解:我们不应该忽视(圣经)对见证的重视。这带有法律的意味。见证是件严肃的事,且是证明事情真伪的要件……作见证本身并不是目的。见证的用意就是“所有的人都能因为他而相信”。
  
  使徒保罗在《哥林多前书》十二章3节进一步表明圣灵高举基督的事工:“若不是被圣灵感动的,也没有能说耶稣是主的。”圣灵总是渴望高举并凸显基督的主权。圣灵要教会以基督为主,好让所有信徒都承认基督的权柄并顺服基督的旨意(腓2:9-13)。圣灵也见证耶稣是主,好让我们看到基督就是美善、纯洁与公义的榜样,并渴望效法祂。(太11:28-30
  
  正如对每一个觉悟自己深陷罪中,然后脱离这种处境并接受耶稣受难与复活所完成的大工的人来说,圣灵的力量与智慧是绝对不可或缺的要件;对我们了解基督的主权,以及继续背负门徒的使命来说,圣灵也同样是不可或缺的要件。企图单单倚靠我们自己的力量与作为来完成这一切,可说是愚蠢至极。然而,身为新约信徒的我们,一定要知道还有更好的方法。我们不像蒙着脸的摩西,和只对上帝的荣光一知半解的以色列人一样,处处受限。圣灵反而为我们打开途径,让我们更加认识基督的荣光:但一个人几时转向主,帕子几时就除掉。主就是那灵;主的灵在哪里,哪里就有自由。我们众人、脸上既是揭去了帕子,就如同镜子返照主的荣光,都变了形质,成为同一的像,荣上加荣,正是从主、就是灵、变化成的。(林后3:16-18。译注:吕振中译本)
  
祂带领我们了解上帝的旨意
  
  圣灵在我们身上最切合实际的工作之一就是带领我们了解上帝的旨意。这既不新鲜也不奇特——主耶稣清楚明白的表示,新约的应许里面涵盖圣灵的带领:“我必将我的灵放在你们里面,使你们顺从我的律例,谨守遵行我的典章。”但早在先知以西结的应许之前,上帝的灵已在旧约时代积极的带领与指引的百姓:那时,他们想起古时的日子,摩西和他百姓,说:“将百姓和牧养他全群的人从海里领上来的在哪里呢?将他的圣灵降在他们中间的在哪里呢?使他荣耀的膀臂在摩西的右手边行动,在他们前面将水分开,要建立自己永远的名,带领他们经过深处,如马行走旷野,使他们不至绊跌的在哪里呢?耶和华的灵使他们得安息,仿佛牲畜下到山谷。照样,你也引导你的百姓,要建立自己荣耀的名。(赛63:11-14
  
  正如上帝在旧约时代指引百姓道路,我们可以确信祂的灵不仅在这个时代的过去曾经这样行,而且未来还是会照样行。《使徒行传》中有两个关于圣灵在关键时刻带领信徒的奇妙记载。首先是安提阿教会领袖拣选保罗和巴拿巴成为宣教士的过程。“他们事奉主、禁食的时候,圣灵说:‘要为我分派巴拿巴和扫罗,去作我召他们所做的工。’于是禁食祷告,按手在他们头上,就打发他们去了。”(徒13:2-3
  
  其次是耶路撒冷的大公会议。教会领袖当时在讨论犹太基督徒与许多外邦新信徒应该如何相处,以及犹太人所领导的教会应该对新信徒有何要求。以下是众使徒和耶路撒冷教会众长老,在写给外邦人占多数的安提阿教会的信中最后的结论:“因为圣灵和我们定意不将别的重担放在你们身上,惟有几件事是不可少的,就是禁戒祭偶像的物和血,并勒死的牲畜和奸淫。这几件你们若能自己禁戒不犯就好了。愿你们平安!”(徒15:28-29

  《使徒行传》十五章提到的那封信,是教会领袖在圣灵带领下达成的共识。众使徒和众长老的心中知道,这是正确的决定,因为他们确信自己的决定是出自圣灵的心意。我们也能有同样把握。《罗马书》八章14节说道:“因为凡被神的灵引导的,都是神的儿子。”如果我们是对圣灵敏感,稳定读上帝的话语,并且渴望顺服主的信徒,祂就会带领我们了解祂的旨意。
  
祂透过旁人服事我们
  
  这时候我们可能会认为,既然圣灵住在我里面,而祂又万事俱足,那么我就可以高枕无忧了。这种想法确实不错但需要有所澄清。因为我们还没有达到完全成圣的地步,圣灵的万事俱足未必会在我们的生活中实现。因此,上帝用来劝勉、纠正以及鼓励我们的方法之一就是,由圣灵借着其他信徒从旁服事我们。
  
  圣经清楚明确的吩咐信徒要彼此互相连结。《希伯来书》作者写道:“也要坚守我们所承认的指望,不至摇动,因为那应许我们的是信实的。又要彼此相顾,激发爱心,勉励行善。你们不可停止聚会,好像那些停止惯了的人,倒要彼此劝勉。既知道那日子临近,就更当如此。”(来10:23-25)这段经文提醒我们,上帝希望基督徒能够言行一致,并且忠心到底——不要让信心有任何动摇。要达到这个目标的主要方法之一就是,基督徒需认真的彼此激发爱心并且行善。但若不定期相聚就无法实现这一切。
  
  在上帝的计划中,促使我们能够聚集在一起互相激励,而迈向圣洁的最有效机制就是教会。使徒保罗在他的书信中,屡次用人体为比喻,形容教会(基督身体)内部各种关系运作的方式。例如,他在《罗马书》十二章4-6节写道“正如我们一个身子上有好些肢体,肢体也不都是一样的用处。我们这许多人,在基督里成为一身,互相联络作肢体,也是如此。按我们所得的恩赐,各有不同。”接着保罗列出各式各样的属灵恩赐,其中包括服事、教导、劝慰以及施舍。
  
  属灵恩赐只不过是圣灵服事基督身体的管道。《哥林多前书》十二章711节对各种属灵恩赐之目的总结是:“圣灵显在各人身上,是叫人得益处……这一切都是这位圣灵所运行、随己意分给各人的。”这几节经文再次告诉我们,圣灵以各式各样的方式帮助我们——圣灵的恩赐全都是从祂而来,而且所有恩赐的目的都是为了建造教会。(弗4:12
  
  圣灵借着信徒工作的另一个奇妙之处就是,他们会成为圣灵的代言人,正如他们向人传福音的时候,就是基督的使者一样。当我们发挥自己的属灵恩赐与智慧帮助别人的时候,这件事应该能鼓励我们更加圣洁。当别人带着爱心规劝我们的时候,这也应该能让我们更谦卑的接受圣灵的教训。(加6:1
  
  保罗在《罗马书》五章5节直接将爱和圣灵连结在一起,经文中表示:“所赐给我们的圣灵将神的爱浇灌在我们心里。”(并见罗15:30)将爱与圣灵最紧密连结在一起的是《哥林多前书》十三章。这一章就安排在保罗论及圣灵恩赐的段落的正中央,就我们在圣灵引领下而服事他人来说,这正是我们唯一必备的完整指引。保罗把爱安置在基督徒生命中的最显著地。因此十三章的结尾是我们耳熟能详的——“如今常存的有信,有望,有爱;这三样,其中最大的是爱。”
  
祂赐给我们服事的能力
  
  当祂赐给我们重生以及身为上帝子女的印记时,祂也赐给我们活出基督徒的样式,以及造就其他信徒所需的一切属灵恩赐。

  当我们说圣灵具有我们所需的一切能力时,指的是源源不绝,永无止尽的巨大力量——远超过人间最高明的智慧;也远超过最尖端的高科技能源。使徒保罗非常清楚这个道理:“神能照着运行在我们心里的大力,充充足足地成就一切,超过我们所求所想的。”(弗3:20)他为以弗所教会信徒所祈求的是“藉着他的灵,叫你们心里的力量刚强起来”(16节),因此让他们的生命完全展现出上帝丰盛的荣耀。保罗确信上帝和圣灵的能力远超过多数信徒的想象。我们当中许多人对上帝的认识仅止于20节的第一句:“神能……”。不幸的是,我们往往会限制圣灵在我们身上以及透过我们所能发挥的能力。
  
  保罗不只是在理性上认识圣灵的无限能力,同时在事奉过程中也亲身经历过。下面这段内容就是他在肉体与灵性上都面临自己已经是精疲力竭的困难情况下所作的陈述:我们有这宝贝放在瓦器里,要显明这莫大的能力,是出于神,不是出于我们。我们四面受敌,却不被困住;心里作难,却不至失望;遭逼迫,却不被丢弃;打倒了,却不至死亡。身上常带着耶稣的死,使耶稣的生也显明在我们身上。因为我们这活着的人,是常为耶稣被交于死地,使耶稣的生在我们这必死的身上显明出来。这样看来,死是在我们身上发动,生却在你们身上发动……所以,我们不丧胆。外体虽然毁坏,内心却一天新似一天。(林后4:7-12,16


让保罗能够安然度过这些难关的内在力量,其源头无非就是圣灵。而这同一位圣灵也是我们力量的源头,不论我们的处境多么困难,都是如此。我们面对拦阻却不至于沮丧、感到困惑却不至于绝望、遭迫害却不至于孤独、遭打击却不至于被打倒、肉体虽然逐渐死去但心灵却始终活着,并愿意面对肉体的死亡,以便拯救世人的灵魂。尽管我们的外在形体逐渐衰残、朽坏,内心却因为得着圣灵的力量而日日更新。

2017-01-17

聖靈今天在做什麼工作?What Does theSpirit Do Today?

作者麥克霍頓Michael Horton
駱鴻銘譯自

所有美善的恩賜都是從父那裡來的是靠著聖靈在聖子裡賜下的。在三一神所有的工作裡聖靈都是負責完成工作的那一位。祂特別在被造界裡工作,祂是賜生命的靈,是神性中負責結出果子的媒介(agent)。聖父今天乃是藉著祂的道向我們說話。基督,即成了肉身的道,是聖父救贖話語的內容。默示聖經的聖靈,如今在我們裡面工作,使我們明白並領受福音,結出聖靈的果子。祂不止在我們裡面工作聖靈也實際住在我們裡面作為我們最終得救的憑據頭期款All good gifts come to us from the Father, in the Son, by the Spirit. In every work of the Trinity, the Spirit is the one who brings the work to completion. He is especially associated with working within creation as the life-giving and fruit-producing agent of the Godhead. The Father speaks to us today through his Word. Christ, the Incarnate Word, is also the content of the Father’s saving speech. The Holy Spirit, who inspired Scripture, is at work within us to understand and embrace the gospel and to bear the fruit of the Spirit. Not only at work within us, the Holy Spirit actually indwells us as the down payment on our final salvation.

關於聖靈今天如何在我們生命中工作有四個常見的問題。以下是對這些問題的回答Following are answers to four common questions people have regarding how the Spirit works in our lives today:

1. 什麼是真正的基督徒經歷1. What is authentic Christian experience?

真正的基督徒經歷其範圍涵蓋了所有的人類處境和情感從與基督和祂的教會相交團契的豐盛祝福裡所獲得的喜樂與活力到每天活在這個相交團契裡的平凡單調所導致的百無聊賴與無動於衷到我們日復一日與同樣的罪爭戰基督卻看似不在場而使我們前進一步卻後退兩步所帶來的憂傷和沮喪都是基督徒經歷的一部分。Authentic Christian experience runs the full spectrum of human circumstances and emotion, from joy and vigor in the rich blessings of profound communion with Christ and his church, to apathetic listlessness at the humdrum monotony of daily existence within that communion, to sorrow and frustration over the seeming absence of Christ as we struggle with the same sins day in and day out, taking two steps back for every step forward.

最重要的是真正的基督徒經歷必須由聖經——上帝成文的話——來判定。譬如,在詩篇中我們可以用各種情感來表達我們的讚美、哀傷、感恩和疑問。儘管我們在基督徒生活中的經驗會有變化重要的是要記得天父在基督裡向信徒宣告的並藉著聖靈所實現的是永不改變的。Foremost, authentic Christian experience is determined by the written Word. In the Psalms, for example, we have a wide range of emotions with which to express our praise, laments, thanksgiving, and questions. While our experience within the Christian life will vary, it’s important to remember that what the Father has declared to the believer in Christ and made effectual through the Spirit will never change.

當父神藉著耶穌的寶血赦免我們的罪將基督所贏得的賜給我們、並宣告我們為義而聖靈則藉著洗禮和聖餐的餅與杯加以實現時我們可以得到保證就是無論我們感覺如何我們掙扎多麼痛苦靠著祂永不改變的諭旨我們的赦罪和稱義永遠是有保障的。無論我們地上的朝聖之旅是簡單、是困難,或是彼此交織,我們都會不斷認識到,這條路的終點必定是那偉大又說不出來的、永遠與主同在的恩福。When the Father has forgiven our sins by the blood of Jesus, declared us righteous by giving to us what Christ has earned, and the Holy Spirit has made that effective by baptism and the bread and wine of the Supper, we can be assured that no matter how we feel or how greatly we struggle, our forgiveness and righteousness are forever secured by his unchangeable decree. Whether our earthly pilgrimage is easy, hard, or a complex terrain of both, we can continue on knowing that the road certainly ends in the great and unspeakable bliss of finally being in the presence of the Lord forever.

2. 上帝今天在哪裡說話2. Where does God speak today?

上帝今天乃是透過祂的道來說話包括宣講的道和成文的道。藉著聖道聖靈使人扎心知罪信靠基督並帶來信仰和生活所需要的一切教導。即便是洗禮和主的晚餐,也是從聖靈藉著聖道獲得它們的果效。聖禮作為祂諸多應許的記號和印記,向我們保證了上帝的恩惠。當我們有規律地曝露在上帝的聖道之下,被上帝的聖道所塑造,我們就會用適當的「鏡片」來看上帝、看我們自己、看彼此,也看待我們的世界。即使是在上帝的聖道所沒有直接論到的事情上被聖經所充填的心智仍然有能力運用敬虔的判斷。God speaks today through his Word, both preached and written. Through this Word the Spirit brings conviction of sin, faith in Christ, and instruction in everything necessary for faith and life. Even baptism and the Lord’s Supper receive their efficacy from the Spirit through the Word. As signs and seals of his promises, the sacraments assure us of God’s favor. Shaped by regular exposure to God’s Word, we are able to view God, ourselves, each other, and our world with the proper “spectacles.” Even in matters not directly addressed by God’s Word, the Scripture-saturated mind and heart are able to exercise godly discernment.

3. 上帝今天在哪裡動工3. Where does God work today?

儘管上帝樂於藉著各種途徑生活處境、書籍、朋友等等來工作重要的是要區分祂要如何動工以及祂如何應許要動哪些工祂的主權和能力意味著祂可以隨祂的旨意用各種方法在任何地方工作但是聖經告訴我們祂已經應許要透過聖靈、藉著宣講的道以及洗禮和聖餐這兩個聖禮在基督徒的內心和生命中運行。儘管基督徒研討會、小組查經、各種事奉,以及在基督徒群體裡與朋友相交團契,可以在基督徒生活中鼓勵我們、建造我們,但是那位使用律法和福音的話語(受按立的牧者的講道),使基督徒能更愛父神,也讓基督徒能盡心、盡性、盡意越來越像基督的,是聖靈。聖靈也能透過長老和執事的事奉以及聖徒之間更廣泛的相通來行事。While God is pleased to work through various means (life circumstances, books, friends, and so on), its important to distinguish how he can work from how he has promised to work. His sovereignty and power mean that he is able to work how and wherever he will, but Scripture shows us that he has promised to work in the hearts and lives of Christians by the Holy Spirit through the preached Word and the sacraments of baptism and the Lord’s Supper. While Christian conferences, Bible studies, ministries, and fellowship with friends in community can all serve to encourage and edify us in the Christian life, it’s the Holy Spirit who takes the words of law and gospel, preached by God’s ordained ministers, and uses them to bring about greater love of the Father and Christlikeness in the hearts, souls, and minds of believers. The Spirit also works through the ministry of elders and deacons, as well as the broader fellowship of the saints.

4. 我們今天在哪裡可以看到神蹟奇事4. Where can we see signs and wonders today?

我們在每週的主日崇拜中就可以看到神蹟奇事!基督赦罪和潔淨我們良心的神蹟,可以藉著洗禮表明出來;每當我們在聖餐當中吃餅喝杯,就可以看到我們參與基督的生、死、復活的奇事。儘管這些神蹟不怎麼驚人——當然不會像瞎子得見或死人復活那麼令人興奮——聖經向我們保證,父神是藉著這些平凡、簡單、毫不起眼的行動,應許要與我們會面。祂自己親自在場,用水洗去我們的罪,並用餅和杯來餵養我們的靈魂,向我們保證,祂永遠靠著聖靈與我們同在,直到世界的末了(太廿八20)。再次說上帝可以隨祂高興隨時隨地行作神蹟但是我們可以期望會在祂應許要與我們會面之處發現祂行作奇事的能力。We can see signs and wonders every week during the divine service! The sign of Christs forgiveness and cleansing of our consciences is shown through baptism; and the wonder of our participation in his life, death, and resurrection is seen in the Lord’s Supper every time we eat the bread and drink the wine. While these signs aren’t wondrous—certainly not as exciting as watching blind men see or dead men rise—Scripture assures us that it’s through these plain, simple, and unimpressive acts that the Father has promised to meet us. He himself is there, washing away our sins with the water and feeding our souls in the bread and wine, assuring us that he is with us always, by the Spirit, to the end of the age (Matt. 28:20). Once again, God may work wonders whenever and wherever he chooses, but we expect to find his wonder-working power where he has promised to meet us.

改寫自《現代宗教改革》雜誌2015年三月/四月號〈麥克霍頓聖靈問答〉一文。Adapted from “Q & A on the Spirit with Michael S. Horton,” Modern Reformation Mar/April 2015.