兼容論(compatibilism)的最佳的聲明 | 加爾文
John Calvin著/誠之譯,《意志的束縛與解放》Bondage
and Liberation of the Will, 69-70頁。
我們承認人有選擇,是自己決定的,所以如果他做了任何邪惡的事,都要算到他頭上,算是他自己自願的選擇。我們把強迫和外力都排除在外,因為這抵觸了意志的本質,和意志不可能並存。我們否認選擇是自由的,因為透過人內在的邪惡,必然會受邪惡的驅使,只能去尋求邪惡的事。從這點我們可以推論必然性(necessity)和強迫(coercion)之間有極大的不同。因為我們不是說人心不甘情不願地被拉去犯罪,而是說因為他的意志是敗壞的,被罪惡所轄制,因此出於必然,會定意向惡。因為哪裏有束縛,哪裏就有必然性。但是此束縛是自願的還是被迫的,有很大的不同。我們把必然犯罪的理由放在敗壞的意志上,接著就是自己的決定。
we allow that man has choice and that
it is self-determined, so that if he does anything evil, it should be imputed
to him and to his own voluntary choosing. We do away with coercion and force,
because this contradicts the nature of the will and cannot coexist with it. We
deny that choice is free, because through man's innate wickedness it is of necessity
driven to what is evil and cannot seek anything but evil. And from this it is
possible to deduce what a great difference there is between necessity and
coercion. For we do not say that man is dragged unwillingly into sinning, but
that because his will is corrupt he is held captive under the yoke of sin and
therefore of necessity will in an evil way. For where there is bondage, there
is necessity. But it makes a great difference whether the bondage is voluntary
or coerced. We locate the necessity to sin precisely in corruption of the will,
from which follows that it is self-determined.